Communication Process and Nonverbal Communication

Glossophobia

Glossophobia

fear of public speaking

Communication

the process of sharing information by using symbols to send and receive messages

interpersonal communication

communication between two or more people

intrapersonal communication

communication with oneself (internal); self-talk; where "YOU" are the messenger and receiver; we believe this more than what others say

verbal communication

expressing ideas to others by using spoken words

7%

percentage of communication that is verbal

93%

percentage of communication that is nonverbal

55%

percentage of nonverbal communication that is body language

38%

Percentage of nonverbal communication that is tonality (tone of voice)

Communication Process

the transfer of a message from a sender to a receiver, the feedback given to the sender, and all of the barriers

Channel

where/how communication takes place

Sender

The person who gives the message

message

the information being sent; can be text (not spoken), verbal, nonverbal

receiver

The person/people who pick up on the message

feedback

when the receiver makes it known that they know they are being communicated to; can be verbal or nonverbal, may be received or not

barrier(s)

what blocks messages from being sent

psychological barrier

a barrier that happens during intrapersonal communications; thoughts and feelings that block a person from communicating or concentrating to include fear or lack of understanding of concepts.

environmental barrier

a barrier that occurs due to physical surroundings; noises, talking, visual stimuli, physical barriers, temperature, etc.

cultural barrier

any kind of misunderstanding due to different norms to include language, gestures, idioms, jargon, etc.

jargon

the use of formal/specific words and expressions for a specific profession/group/class/region that are not fully understood by those not in said population.

slang

words and expressions that are informal and not standard English. (GOAT, Karen, BAE, Uber-as a verb)

semantic barrier

a misunderstanding due to the connotative meaning of the word differing from the denotative meaning of the word; involves feelings about specific words, double meanings, and implied meanings based on receiver's interpretation; speaker needs to eliminate these

denotation

The dictionary definition of a word

connotation

the meaning associated with a word(s) based on personal experiences or bias

paralanguage

the vocal aspects of nonverbal communication

vocal inflection

alteration of pitch and tone in the voice; high pitch implies excitements, low pitch implies solemnity

volume

PERCEIVED loudness of the speaker

pace

speed of your voice; creates climax in the story, increase for intensity, decrease for emotional, softer moments

pause

used to let your listeners take in what you are saying and for you to breathe.

vocal fillers

um, well, the, uh, things that, um, you say, or like, sounds or, or, or um, other things that you um, use or um do to um, give yourself some, uh, mmmm time to, ah think; usually they ah happen uh, when you are like nervous or unprepared or, like, ah, whatever. They become kinda, quite, uh, you know, annoying, and can like distract, you, um from the ah message or, like, whatever you are trying like to say.

kinesics

using body movements and gestures as a form of nonverbal communication

affect displays

facial expressions or gestures which show the emotions we feel; mirror what you want the audience to feel; emotion is important in the eyes and mouth

emblem gestures

conventional symbols that have agreed upon meanings like high fives, holding a finger up to pause, the shhhh motion

illustrators

most common type of gestures; used to "show" the verbal message they accompany; have no meaning on their own; can be used to "show" shape or size of something.

approach

when your body begins to move before you begin the gesture; usually led by the wrist; can be especially powerful

action

actual gesture as it is happening

return

bringing your body back to normal speaking posture in a smooth, inconspicuous movement

stance

how you stand; open or closed

proxemics

the amount of space the people feel is necessary to set between themselves and others

intimate distance

0-18 inches; close relationships only; personal bubble; can be overwhelming

personal distance

1.5-4 feet; shows relationship; easy to see other person's expressions, eye movements, body language

social distance

4-12 feet; normal distance for impersonal business; working in the same room or during social gatherings; across desks;

platform movement

movement that helps the audience follow the main points of a speech

gestures

Hand movement used to emphasize and reinforce a message; use only when necessary and impactful; they can be overused

finger pointing

authoritative or imposing

power pose

standing tall with an open stance to prepare for speaking