hesi a2 anatomy and physiology v1/v2

What is a characteristic of viral herpes

skin eruption

What gets effected when a boxer gets hit and has a deviated septum

Vomer (in nose)

Which of the following is a structure found in the upper respiratory?

pharynx

A person who has damage to their ulnar nerve will have decreased sensation in?

arm, inability to abduct arms and fingers

Which bone does not articulate with any other bones?

hyoid bone

Which of the following statements best described endocrine glands?

They secrete chemicals into the blood, growth, metabolism, sexual development and function

Diet is important because bones are storage places for?

calcium and phosphorus

Which organ is apart of both the male reproductive system and urinary system?

urethra

Ligaments provide which connection?

bone to bone

Which structure conducts urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder?

Ureter

Anaerobic respiration can lead to a burning sensation caused by which molecule?

Lactic acid

As a part of the negative feedback system, which type of cell is stimulated to re-absorb bone matrix in response to a decrease in calcium in the blood?

Osteoclasts (break down bone so it can release Ca+ into interstitial fluid)

Sweat on the skin’s surface cools the body through which process?

Evaporation

When assessing a female client who described herself as a vegetarian and the nurse notes that she has an unusual skin color. The nurse should ask the client if she has eaten a large amount of?

Carrot and squash

Which hand position described an anatomical position of a person who is standing erect with feet forward?

palms facing anterior

Which structure is a ball and socket joint?

shoulder

Which anatomical structure houses the malleus, incus, and stapes?

skull and ear

What are like cells grouped together called?

tissue

the pulse point located behind the knee is palpated over which artery?

Popliteal

Ceruminous (aprocrine) glands secrete?

earwax

What type of synovial joint is the elbow?

hinge

What occurs when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated/ increased?

cardiac output

Where does digestion begin in the digestive system?

oral cavity

Which cell structure regulates the transport of substances in and out of a cell?

plasma membrane

The mediastinum is located within which cavity?

thoracic cavity

What is the effect of serotonin, a neurotransmitter?

Involved with mood, anxiety, sleep, happiness, appetite

What is the response of cells in the collecting tubules in nephrons when the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted?

H2O is re-absorbed from urinary filtrate

What is the function of thrombocytes (platelets)?

blood clotting

Which muscle of the quad femoris group lies on the outer side surface of lower extremity

vastus lateralis

Which structure is located on the sternum?

Xiphoid process

The occipital region is located in which part of the body?

head/ skull

Which structure carries oxygen to the cells?

hemoglobin

Which gland is commonly known as the “master gland”?

pituitary gland

Aspirin occurs when there is a tear in which structures?

ligaments

What epidural derivative is involved in temperature homeostasis?

Eccrine gland (merocrine/ sweat gland)

Which statements are true about bone?

Osteoblasts (build up of bone), epiphyseal (end of bone), diaphysis (shaft of bone)

Aqueous humor is a water fluid in which part of the body?

Eye (in front of the eye, between the lens and cornea)

Doris flexion and plantar flexion are types of joint movement that are associated with which part of the body?

foot

Within which vessel does blood return from the lungs?

pulmonary vein (remember pulmonary is heart, veins take deoxygenated blood back to the heart, arteries carry oxygen and nutrients away from the heart)

Which part of the brain is involved with auditory functioning?

temporal lobe

What internal structure of the ear is concerned with hearing?

Cochlea

Fertilization of an ovum occurs in which anatomical structure?

Fallopian tubes (also called uterine tubes)

Where is the tibias anterior muscle located?

lower leg

An over production of cerumen (earwax) can accumulate in which area?

external ear and canals

The mitral valve is located between which two structures?

Left ventricle and left atrium

The olfactory nerve is associated in which sense?

smell

Vessel carries blood from the body to the heart?

vena cava

Hormones produced by the ovaries?

estrogen and progesterone

Plane divides the body into left and right sides?

sagittal

Two divisions that make up the nervous system?

PNS and CNS (peripheral and central)

The orthopedic surgeon informs you that you broken the distal region of the humerus. What is he describing?

epiphysis

Part of the brain that attaches to the spinal cord?

Medulla oblongata (part of the brain stem)

Which term is used to describe movement of arms and legs away from the midline of the body?

Abduction (AB= away from)

Structure that provides a pulse reading in the neck?

carotid artery

Which hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary gland?

Oxytocin and ADH( antidiuretic hormone) (ADH is also known as vasopressin)

What is the primary function of hemoglobin?

carry oxygen

What stimulates chemoreceptors to function?

Rise in CO2, fall in O2

Which condition causes a client to say, “I can’t see far away?”

nearsightedness (think opposite, far is near, near is far)

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

* packaging proteins for secretion and transport lipids around the cell
* Synthesize carbs and glycoproteins

What organ produces insulin

pancreas

Fertilization occurs in the

oviduct (Fallopian tube)

When drawing blood from antecubital region, which blood vessel is used to obtain blood?

median cubital vein

What hormone induces growth of pubic and axillary hair at puberty?

testosterone and estrogen

Increase rate of breathing results in what blood pH change?

alkalosis

What is the function of the hypothalamus

regulates balance (homeostasis) and thermoregulation

How many calories per gram do carbs contain

4

When water molecules move across the cell membrane from high to low concentration, this process is called?

osmosis

What is the result of carbon dioxide in the body?

body becomes more acidic

What part of the body is the lower back?

lumbar

High levels of which ion would most likely result in cardiac arrest?

Potassium

What blood vessels perfuses (goes through) the kidney?

renal vein (this vein drains the kidney)

What gland is located on the anterior surface of the trachea?

thyroid gland

In white blood cells, what contributes to phagocytosis?

macrophages and neutrophils

What structure of the eye picks out color?

retina

What is the most protective layer of skin?

epidermis

The organ of corti is located in the?

ear

Where in the body are nutrients absorbed most?

small intestine

The rough ER functions in the human cells to?

synthesize proteins

tissue repair is enhanced by a diet high in?

protein

What is the definition of chyme

semi-fluid mass of partially digested food expelled by the stomach into duodenum

What are hormones?

chemical messengers

What female reproductive organ produces oocytes, estrogen, and progesterone?

ovaries

What cellular process helps to move debris and mucous through the lining of tubules?

cilia

Which is a hollow organ?

gall bladder

Which muscle(s) is included in the quad femoris group?

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

Which structure is responsible for normal respiratory function?

medulla oblongata

Client has large pituitary tumor, what part of the body does this effect?

low blood pressure, sickness, head hurting, vision problems

Which structures produce B-lymphocytes?

red bone marrow

What occurs when the sympathetic nervous system stimulation is increased?

blood pressure rises and goose bumps

The buttocks are which surface of the body?

dorsal

the esophagus is located in which body cavity?

thoracic

The tympanic membrane is located between which structures?

external auditory canal and middle ear

how many days is the average menstrual cycle?

28 days

Which structure produces T-lymphocytes?

thymus

Calcaneus is located in?

foot

Urinary system in the human body primary task is to?

expel waste

Which of the following produce progesterone to prepare the uterus for pregnancy?

corpus luteum

What are finger prints made of?

friction ridges

ABCD of cancer?

melanoma

Which of the following locations would the urinary bladder and internal reproductive organ be found?

pelvic region