Applied Functional Anatomy slide 4

Bones of the Head and Neck

a.    Skull

b.    Mandible

c.     Hyoid

d.    Larynx

Hyoid

U-shaped bone, used for speech and swallowing

Oral Cavity

a two-way pathway, speaking, eating, and breathing

Pharynx

a lined cavity behind the nose and mouth, with respiratory and digestive functions

Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)

a.    Synovial joints

b.    Operate in tandem

c.     Have articular discs

Frontalis

forehead muscle

Orbicularis Oculi

circular muscle around eyes

Nasalis

muscle that scrunches nose

Zygomaticus Major

muscle that helps you smile

Orbicularis Oris

circular muscle around the lips

Risorius

“smiling muscle” that pulls the corners of laterally

Platysma

a big muscle on neck, makes neck tight

Masseter

elevates (open mouth) and protrudes (pushing mandible outwards) mandible for speech and chewing

Temporalis  

a muscle that elevates and retracts the mandible for speech and chewing

Medial Pterygoid

helps pull the mandible side to side

Lateral Pterygoid

it opens the mouth by pulling the jaw forward (protraction) and also helps move the jaw side-to-side for chewing

Extraocular Muscles

controlled eye movement

TMJ Depression

the geniohyoid, mylohyoid, stylohyoid, digastric, and platysma muscles contribute

TMJ Protection

the lateral pterygoid, medial pterygoid, and masseter
contribute

TMJ Retraction

the temporalis and digastric muscles contribute

Laryngitis

inflammation of the larynx, temporary loss of voice

Aphasia

loss of ability to understand or express speech

Wernicke’s Aphasia

loss of ability to understand spoken words

Broca’s Aphasia

loss of ability to produce language

Dysphagia

impairment in swallowing, voluntary or involuntary mechanisms

Deglutition

moving food from mouth to stomach

Aspiration

food or liquid descending beneath the vocal folds and entering trachea

Phases of Swallowing

the oral phase, which is voluntary preparation and transportation of food

Ptosis

drooping of the eyelid

Homonymous Hemianopsia

loss of vision on the same side of each visual field

Buccinator Muscle

a flat, thin muscle of the cheek that, when contracted, flattens the cheek against the teeth, aiding in chewing