Organelle Function

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary and concepts related to cellular organelles and their functions as outlined in the lecture.

Isomers

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements.

Alpha-(α) Glucose

A form of glucose where the hydroxyl group on the first carbon is positioned below the plane of the ring.

Beta-(β) Glucose

A form of glucose where the hydroxyl group on the first carbon is positioned above the plane of the ring.

Starch

A polysaccharide of glucose monomers with 1-4 linkages, all monomers in the same orientation.

Cellulose

A polysaccharide of β glucose monomers with alternating orientations in the chain.

Motor Proteins

Proteins that facilitate movement along microtubules, utilizing ATP hydrolysis.

Endosymbiosis

A form of symbiotic relationship where one organism lives within the cells of another.

Centrosome

A structure that organizes microtubules during cell division, containing centrioles.

Cell Membrane

A phospholipid bilayer that encloses cells, maintaining integrity and controlling passage of materials.

Hydrophilic

Substances that are attracted to water; 'water loving'.

Hydrophobic

Substances that repel water; 'water fearing'.

Ribosome

Small organelles where protein synthesis occurs, made of ribosomal RNA and proteins.

Mitochondrion

A membrane-bound organelle responsible for cellular respiration and ATP production.

Chloroplast

An organelle in plants that captures light energy for photosynthesis.

Golgi Apparatus

An organelle involved in processing and packaging proteins for transport.

Lysosomes

Organelles containing hydrolytic enzymes for digestion and waste removal.

Vacuoles

Membrane-bound sacs used for storage in cells, larger in plant cells.

Peroxisomes

Organelles involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification of reactive oxygen species.