Organic Reaction Pathways Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards on Organic Reaction Pathways based on lecture notes.

Halogenation

A reaction where one or more halogens are added to a substance.

Hydrogenation

A reaction where hydrogen is added to a molecule, typically an unsaturated compound, in the presence of a metal catalyst.

Markovnikov’s Rule

In the addition of HX to an unsymmetrical alkene, the H adds to the carbon with the greater number of hydrogen atoms.

Dehydration Reaction

A chemical reaction in which a reactant loses a water molecule.

Hydration Reaction

A chemical reaction where water is added to a compound, forming a new product.

Condensation Reaction

A reaction in which two molecules combine to form a single molecule, often removing a small molecule like water.

Esterification

A condensation reaction where an ester is formed from an alcohol and carboxylic acid, producing water.

REDOX Reaction

A reaction where one species is oxidised (loses electrons) while another is reduced (gains electrons).

Oxidising Agents

Substances that cause oxidation by accepting electrons from other substances; they themselves get reduced in the process.

Amines

Organic bases that can be synthesised from haloalkanes and ammonia.

Amides

Compounds formed when carboxylic acids combine with amines.