axial MUSCLE

The dorsal muscle of the vertebral column form what ?

the medial tract and the lateral tract

The interspinal muscle

innervate : dorsal branches of thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves

function : fixation and extension of the thoracic + lumbar vertebrae

where : btw the spinous process

Caudal oblique muscle of the head

innervate : 2sd pair of dorsal cervical spinal nerves

function : fixation of atlantoaxial joint, and lateral/extension mov of the head

where : from occipital bone to atlas

Major dorsal straight muscle of the head and minor dorsal

innervate : 1rst pair of dorsal cervical spinal nerves

function : head extension

where : from occipital bone to axis spinous process

Cranial oblique muscle of the head

innervate : 1rst pair of dorsal cervical spinal nerves

function : head extension and lateral mov

where : from occipital bone to atlas wings

Spinal muscle of the head and thorax ( independant muscle in pig and horses)

innervate : dorsal cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves

function : fixation of cervical and thoracic spine

where : origin spinous process of cervical to spinous process of thoracic

Spinal and semispinal muscle of the neck and thorax ( only carnivores and ruminants !)

innervate : dorsal cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves

function : fixation of cervical and thoracic spine + spine extension

where : origin spinous process of thoracic, cervical to spinous process of lumbar

semispinal muscle of the head : biventer and complexus

innervate : dorsal cervical spinal nerves

function :raise the head (extension) lateral flexion and raise the neck

where :cervical to thoracic

rotator muscle (short or long)

innervate : thoracic spinal nerves

function :fixation and lateral flexion

where :thoracic vertebrae

multifidus muscle

innervate : dorsal cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal nerves

function :fixation and lateral mov of the spine and raises the neck

where : all the way down the vertebraes

intertransverse muscle : cervical, thoracic and lumbar portions

innervate : dorsal cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal nerves

function :fixation and lateral flexion of the spine and carry out the lateral mov

where : transverses process

Iliocostal muscle : cervical, thoracic and lumbar portions

innervate : dorsal thoracic, and lumbar spinal nerves

function :fixation and lateral flexion of the spine and extension

where : cervical to lumbar

Longissimus muscle : head+ atlas+ thorax + lumbar

innervate : dorsal thoracic, and lumbar spinal nerves

function :fixation and lateral flexion of the spine and raise the head and neck

where : occipital bone to hips

Splenius muscle : cervical and capital portions (horses) capital ( carnivores)

innervate : dorsal thoracic, and cervical spinal nerves

function :extension and lateral mov of the head and neck

where : from nuchal ligament to spinous process of thoracic vertebrae

Ventral straight muscle of the head

Innervate : 1rst cervical spinal nerves

function : flexion of the head

where : from occipital bone to atlas

lateral straight muscle of the head

Innervate : 1rst cervical spinal nerves

function : flexion of the head

where : from occipital bone to atlas

Long muscle of the neck : cervical and thoracic portion

Innervate : cervical spinal nerves

function : flexion of the neck

where : from cervical to thoracic

Long muscle of the head

Innervate : cervical spinal nerves

function : flexion and lateral mov of the neck and head

where : from cervical to occipital bone

Scalene muscle : midle ventral (equine) dorsal ( carnivores)

Innervate : cervical and thoracic spinal nerves

function : fixation and lateral mov of the neck help inspiration process

where : from ribs to cervical

sternohyoid muscle

Innervate : hyoid bone

origin : sternal manubrium

Sternothyroid muscle

Innervate : thyroid cartilage

origin : sternal manubrium

in what animal is this muscle : sternothyrohyoid ?

only horses

thyrohyoid muscle

Innervate : hyoid bone

origin : thyroid cartilage

omohyoid muscle (abs in carnivores)

Innervate : hyoid bone

origin : subscapular fossa

Geniohyoid muscle

Innervate : hyoid bone

origin : mandible

Cranial dorsal serrate muscle

Innervate : intercostal nerves

function : draws ribs forward and extend the thorax = inspiration process

where : ribs

Caudal dorsal serrate muscle

Innervate : intercostal nerves

function : draws ribs backward and contract the thorax = expiration process

where : ribs

external intercostal muscles

Innervate : intercostal nerves

function : draws ribs forward and extends the thorax = inspiration process

where : vertebral colum to costal codrum joint

internal intercostal muscles

Innervate : intercostal nerves

function : draws ribs backward and contract the thorax = expiration process

where : ribs

levetor muscles of the ribs

Innervate : thoracic spinal nerves

function : draws ribs forward and extend the thorax = inspiration process

where : transverse process of thoracic vertebrae to cranial border of ribs

subcostal muscles

Innervate : intercostal nerves

function : support internal intercostal ms

where : btw proximals surfaces of the ribs

retractor muscle of the ribs

Innervate : costabdominal and iliohypogastric nerve

function : draws ribs backwrads for the expiration

where : last ribs and thoracic

Straight thoracic muscle

Innervate :

intercostal nerves

function : draws ribs forward for the inspiration

where : 1rst ribs and costal cartilage

transverse thoracic muscle

Innervate :

intercostal nerves

function : thorax contraction for the expiration

where : sternum

external abdominal oblique muscle

Innervate :

thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves

function : abdominal press expiration and hold intestine

where : lateral surface of the ribs

internal abdominal oblique muscle

Innervate :

thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves

function : abdominal press expiration and hold intestine

where : alba line to ilium

transverse abdominal muscle

Innervate :

thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves

function : abdominal press to protect expiration and hold intestine

where : alva line to lumbar

Quadrate lumbar muscle

Innervate :

lumbar spinal nerves

function : trunck flexion

where : sacrum to transverse process of lumbar vertebrae

straight abdominal muscle

Innervate : thoracic and

lumbar spinal nerves

function :abdominal press, expriration and holds intestines

where : sternum to pecten tendon

rectus sheath

fusion of fashia from the 3 abdominal muscles in order to protect = very thick

alba line

midvetral strip of collagenous tissue. xyphoid to pubis

Prepubic tendon

Tendon joining straight abd ms to pecten of pubis

inguinal ligament

coxal tuberosity of ileum to pubis

dorsal muscle of the tail

raise the tail

medial dorsal sacrococcygeal M

from sacrum to caudal vetebrae

lateral dorsal sacrococcygeal M

laterally from sacrum to caudal vertebrae = lateral mov

intertransverse MS of the tail

joins transverse processes of caudal vertebrae

ventral muscles of the tail

flex the tail ( make it drop)

coccygeal MS

from hipbone to caudal vetebrae

lateral ventral sacrococcygeal M

from sacrum to caudal vertebrae = lateral mov

medial ventral sacrococcygeal M

from sacrum to caudal vertebrae

superficial inguinal ring and deep inguinal ring

canals that allows intraabdominal structures to move from the inside to outside. In the female ( part of uterus) and the male (spermatid cordes )