Studied by 14 people
covers: what is developmental psych why study infants themes of development historical views on children early theorists / psychologists
Who was the only person who took a sociocultural approach to cognitive development?
vygotsky
what did erik serikson stage theory conclude?
a positive characteristic is in conflict with a negative one (ie. trust vs. mistrust)
what is an epigenetic approach?
personality is in the genes
Personality development was which child psychologist?
Erik Erikson
who conducted the first experiment on children and what did it entail?
Piaget - used verbal problems and tasks to check kids cognitive abilities
What did Gessel focus on in terms of development?
Motor skills
who invented the theory of psychosexual desires?
Freud
who was the first child psychologist to believe in an interaction between biology and environment?
Freud
name and briefly explain the experiment Waston completed:
little Albert- conditioned reflex model; made a baby scared of different stimulus
Who conducted the first STUDY on children and what did it include?
G.Stanly hall
he asked kids questions (ie. if you pull a leaf from a tree does it feel pain?) and documented what certain kids in age groups knew and what they didn't .
what are selective acts according to Wundt ? provide a definition and an example)
conscious choice
example: the weather is bad do I stay home or go to class?
what are voluntary acts according to Wundt ? provide a definition and an example)
having several motives, but one predominantluy bigger drive
example: im hungry and want to sleep but im more sleepy so ill prioritize that
what are impulsive acts acts according to Wundt ? provide a definition and an example)
an innate drive that does not take thought
example: the need to eat, sleep, drink water, breath
what were the three steps Wundt believed evolved development?
impulsive acts
voluntary acts
selective acts
how many stages of development in animals and humans did haeckle separate?
3
what is the recapitulation theory?
ontogeny replicates phylogeny : led scientists to believe an organisms development would reiterate its evolutionary history
what did Darwin believe?
evolutionary theory and natural selection; also founded the recapitulation theory
what did Rousseau believe?
believed that we are born with knowledge and ideas and that humans develop according to an innate time table
what did John Locke believe?
believed we are born with nothing; everything that makes us who we are is written into us by environment and experience
name the 6 early theorists
descartes
locke
rousseau
Darwin
Haeckel
Wundt
what did cartisean dualism allow for?
it allowed scientists to study the body without interference of the mind as it separated the two.
who distinguished between the mind and body?
descartes
in what historical view were founding homes to take in lost, sick children established?
Renaissance
define the renaissance historical view
society had an obligation to take care of children
what is the difference between the reformation and medieval historical views in relation to the church?
medieval believed that evil is learned while reformation believed a child is born with original sin
Define the medieval historical view on children
it was believed that evil is learned not something that’s ingrained; the church stressed the purity of children
what historical view would sell their children if they were in debt?
Ancient Greece
in what historical view were children seen as property?
Ancient Greece
what were the names of the 5 historical views on children?
Ancient Greece
medieval
renaissance
reformation
descartes
what are mechanisms of change?
environmental, social, and internal factors determining the course of change and its nature across development
name a psychologist who believed in discontinuity:
erik Eriksons
jean piagets
what is the difference between continuity and discontinuity?
continuity defines development as a slow, gradual process rather than in chunks
what is continuity?
all the time there is change occurring in a gradual line rather than in pieces
what is discontinuity?
as you get older development goes in a staircase = you move to a new stage of development as time goes by
What does an active child mean?
it means children are active agents who shape, control, and direct the course of their own development
which feature is influenced by biology and environment in the following example:
A) baby need to be exposed to learn how to walk
B) babies have the muscle to walk
A) environment
B) biology
which feature is influenced by biology and environment in the following example:
A) a baby who is born doesn’t know what language its going to learn, but it has the neutrons in the brain to learn the language
B) if the language isn’t practiced enough (especially second languages) it gets lost and becomes harder to learn
A) biology
B) Environment
give an example of how studying real world application is a has helped children:
kids who sit in the back learn worse than children who sit in the front. this is due to the inability to hear from the back. learning this has impacted teaching as more teachers are using voice projection to improve student grades.
Label and explain the 6 reasons research is focused on infants and children:
Rapid development: children grow fast and the differences in development can be drastic
Long term effects: the first three years of life are the most crucial; they have the most impact on how you develop
window into adulthood: you can study in slow motion essentially as the Childs brain processes slower than an adult
real world application: if we understand development better we can change policies on how students learn
interesting subject matter: overall very fun thing to study as you get to play with babies all day
the starting point: infants and children represent where we start; to understand psychology we need to understand where ability starts in order to know what it becomes and what affects it
What does the term mature imply?
it implies a biological process that’s been unaffected by experience (environment)
From the lecture, give an example of how behaviour can change:
without experience, you can lose the ability to speak a different language and the older you become the harder it is to learn.
What is developmental psychology?
The scientific study of Change in behaviour as an organism grows, matures, and gains experience
What is Psychology?
The study of Human Behaviour
What are the 4 types of behaviour?
Social, Emotional, Physical, Abnormal
Note 
Flashcard (78)