HA jeopardy cards

A set of vocabulary-style flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the lecture notes on digestion, nutrition, urinary health, aging, and related topics.

Digestion

The breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble molecules that can be absorbed.

Absorption

The passage of simple digestion products through the intestinal lining into the blood or lymphatic system.

Liver

An organ that metabolizes nutrients, stores vitamins and iron, destroys old red blood cells, detoxifies poisons, and aids digestion.

Pancreas

A gland that produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate; also contains hormones that regulate blood glucose.

Gallbladder

An organ that stores and concentrates bile until it is released into the small intestine.

Environmental Factors

External factors beyond the individual’s control that influence nutrition (e.g., access, socioeconomic status, environment).

Dietary Guidelines

Evidence-based advice on what to eat or drink to promote a healthy diet and meet nutrient needs.

Biochemical units of nutrition

Nutrients used by the body for energy, growth, and maintenance (carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water).

Breastfeeding

Breast milk feeding with benefits such as fewer allergies/intolerances, easier digestion, convenience, availability, and cost-effectiveness.

New foods

Introduction of new foods (usually 4–7 days apart) to monitor for allergic reactions.

Allergenic foods

Foods known to cause allergies in children (e.g., wheat, eggs, nuts, citrus juice, chocolate).

Anorexia nervosa

A severe eating disorder characterized by restrictive intake and irrational fear of gaining weight.

Bulimia nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors (e.g., purging).

Healthy Eating Plate diagram

A visual guide showing proportions of different food groups for a balanced meal.

Food Guidelines

Principles or guidelines promoting healthy eating patterns to support growth and prevent disease.

Barriers to healthy eating

Factors such as high cost of healthy foods, limited access to full-service stores, and few safe places to exercise.

Nutrients

Biochemical units of nutrition including carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals, water, and vitamins.

Age-related changes in nutrition

Age-associated changes affecting nutrition (e.g., reduced taste/smell, fixed income, transportation issues, ill-fitting dentures).

Fat-soluble vitamins

Vitamins A, D, E, and K; stored in fat tissues and liver; can accumulate to toxic levels.

Hypervitaminosis

Toxicity from excessive vitamin intake, often involving fat-soluble vitamins.

Water-soluble vitamins

Vitamins not stored in the body (e.g., vitamin C, B complex) and require regular intake.

Stress incontinence

Involuntary leakage of urine associated with weakened pelvic floor muscles during activities.

Dysuria

Pain or discomfort when urinating.

CAUTI

Catheter-associated urinary tract infection; a hospital-acquired infection.

Oliguria

Diminished urine output relative to fluid intake.

Bladder scan

An imaging test to estimate bladder volume and residual urine.

Renin

An enzyme in the kidney that regulates blood pressure as part of the RAAS system.

Cholecystectomy

Surgical removal of the gallbladder.

Infant dehydration signs

Signs of dehydration in infants: dry mouth, no tears, fewer wet diapers, high fever, irritability, sunken fontanelle or eyes.