Units 1 and 2 AP World

Flashcards covering the economic, cultural, and political changes in Afro-Eurasia and the Americas from the provided lecture notes.

Song China Economic Growth

Caused by agricultural advances, a stable government, and expanding trade.

Effects of Song China's Economic Growth

Included huge population growth, urbanization, and the Commercial Revolution characterized by paper money and banking.

Continuity in Song China's Economy

China continued to be a major economic powerhouse.

Change in Song China's Economy

New use of paper money and expansion of international trade.

Spread of Islam Causes

Trade routes like the Sahara and Indian Ocean, Sufi missionaries, and military conquests.

Effects of the Spread of Islam

Creation of new Islamic states such as Mali and Delhi Sultanate and cultural blending.

Continuity in Islamic Culture

Continued emphasis on the Five Pillars and the use of Arabic for scholarship.

Change in How Islam Spread

Sufism allowed Islam to adapt to diverse local cultures.

Cultural Diffusion in Dar al-Islam

Caused by trade networks and Mongol peace (Pax Mongolica).

Effects of Cultural Diffusion in Dar al-Islam

Spread of technologies like paper-making and algebra across Afro-Eurasia.

Continuity in Dar al-Islam

It remained a center of learning and innovation.

Change Resulting from Cultural Diffusion

New scientific and philosophical knowledge entered Europe.

Causes of Religious Change in South/Southeast Asia

Contact with Muslim merchants and dissatisfaction with rigid social hierarchies.

Effects of Religious Changes in South/Southeast Asia

Growth of the Bhakti movement and spread of Islam in port cities.

Religious Continuity in South/Southeast Asia

Hinduism and Buddhism remained influential.

Religious Change in South/Southeast Asia

Islam became a significant minority religion.

Causes of Political Decentralization in Medieval Europe

The fall of Rome created a need for local protection.

Effects of Political Decentralization in Europe

Development of feudalism and manorialism.

Political Continuity in Medieval Europe

Christianity remained a unifying cultural force.

Political Change in Europe After 1200

Stronger monarchies like England and France began to rise.

Causes of Major Technological Innovation (1200-1450)

Cultural diffusion, such as the compass and paper-making from China.

Effects of Technological Innovations

Advances in navigation and warfare, including gunpowder weapons.

Continuity in Technology and Knowledge

Merchants and scholars continued to share ideas through trade.

Major Technological Change in This Period

New technologies accelerated global connections.

Cause of Growth of Trade Networks (Silk Roads)

Demand for luxury goods and improved transportation.

Effect of Growing Trade Networks

Economic prosperity for cities like Baghdad, Timbuktu, and Hangzhou.

Continuity in Global Trade

Long-distance trade networks like the Silk Roads and Indian Ocean trade continued.

Change in Trade Networks (1200-1450)

Merchants gained more influence and wealthier trade cities rose.

Cause of Rise of Powerful African Empires

Control over the gold-salt trade routes.

Effect of Gold-Salt Trade in Africa

Rise of wealthy kingdoms like Mali and Great Zimbabwe.

Cultural Continuity in African Societies

Oral traditions and clan-based societies remained prominent.

Cultural Change in African States

Islam became integrated into political structures.

Causes of Complex State Structures in the Americas

The need to organize labor and resources over large areas.

Effect of Complex Political Organization in the Americas

Tribute systems (Aztec) and mita labor systems (Inca).

Cultural Continuity in American Civilizations

Religious ceremonies and agriculture-based economies continued.

Political Change in the Americas Compared to Earlier Periods

Emergence of larger, more centralized empires.