Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

A set of flashcards covering key concepts related to fluid and electrolyte balance in human anatomy and physiology.

Fluid Homeostasis

The maintenance of stable internal conditions of body fluids.

Intracellular Fluid (ICF)

Fluid located inside cells, constituting about 2/3 of total body fluid.

Extracellular Fluid (ECF)

Fluid outside of cells, including interstitial fluid and blood plasma.

Fluid Movement

The movement of water between fluid compartments primarily due to osmosis.

Fluid Imbalance

Occurs when fluid intake does not equal output or is not properly distributed.

Hypertonic Dehydration

A condition where water loss exceeds electrolyte loss, leading to hypertonic fluids.

Thirst Center

Located in the hypothalamus, stimulated by factors like angiotensin II and dehydration.

Aldosterone

Hormone that promotes sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys.

Natriuretic Peptide

Hormone that lowers blood pressure by promoting vasodilation and sodium excretion.

Acidosis

A condition characterized by a blood pH below 7.35.

Alkalosis

A condition characterized by a blood pH above 7.45.

Bicarbonate Buffering

A buffering system in plasma involving bicarbonate (HCO3-) and carbonic acid (H2CO3).

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAA)

A hormone system that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance.

Hyperkalemia

Elevated blood potassium levels, which can lead to serious heart issues.

Hypokalemia

Low blood potassium levels, posing risks like paralysis of skeletal muscles.

pH Balance

The regulation of hydrogen ion concentration in the body to maintain normal pH levels.

Respiratory Compensation

The adjustment of respiration rate to correct acid-base imbalances.

Electrolyte Homeostasis

The balance of electrolytes in the body, crucial for various physiological functions.