psychology history

was a dualist, believed that body and mind was separate, we were born with knowledge we have

Socrates and Plato

one of plato's student that was monist and nurture (knowledge gained through observation), before Christ

Aristotle

dualist and nature, animals spirits through nerves, our minds survives after death

Descartes

English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience, monist, "blank state", supports empiricism

Locke

the doctrine that knowledge derives from experience

empiricism

mind and body are the same

monists

mind and body are different

dualist

founded 1st psychology lab, focused on consciousness: basic elements of conscious process, introspection, experiment of people pressing a button after hearing a ball hit a platform. forerunner to structuralism

William Wundt

father of structuralism, introspection; student of Wundt

Titchener

the used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind

structuralism

the contemplation of your own thoughts and desires and conduct

introspection

founded functionalism (which also had some of Darwin's theory of evolution), wrote 1st psychology textbook and 1st psych course, consciousness is personal/selective, continuous and constantly changing

William James

a psychology based on the assumption that all mental process are useful to an organism in adapting to the environment

functionalism

English scientist and Franciscan monk who stressed the importance of experimentation aka developed the scientific method. father of empiricism

bacon

founded 1ts American lab, 1st American journal, 1st American psychological association president (APA)

hall

natural selection theory, studies animal evolution

Darwin

United States social reformer who pioneered in the reform of prisons and in the treatment of the mentally ill, first ever mental asylum, nurse

dix

1st women to receive a PhD in psych (refused it tho), 1st APA women president, was bared with opportunities

Calkins

1st women to receive a PhD (accepted it). president of APA and studied animal behavior(could not join in the experimental psychologists)

Washburn

founder of psychoanalytic approach, important of unconscious self and child experiences affect behavior, iceberg

Sigmund Freud (OH NO OH NO OH NO OH NO)

dog experiments, classical conditioning; behavior

Pavlov

founder of behavior approach, him and skinner dismissed introspection and studied observable behavior

Watson

an approach to psychology that emphasizes observable measurable behavior

behaviorism

an approach to psychology that emphasizes internal mental processes; such as occurs when we perceive, learn, remember, think, communicate, and solve problem

cognitive psychology

the interrelation of conscious and unconscious processes and emotions that determine personality and motivation

psychodynamics

observable, reinforcement; stimuli

Behavioral

is learned, biologicals perspective: focused on impact of bio, study brain nerous system, hormones, and genetics.

Neuroscience / Biological

studying influence of culture & ethic similarities and differences

Social-Cultural

human nature evolves, self actualization, self direct to influence behavior, positive growth, listening

Humanistic

an integrated approach that incorporated biological, psychological, and social-cultural viewpoints

Biopsychosocial approach

survival of the fittest, instinctual behavior, Charles Darwin, inherited, help ancestor survive

evolutionary

scientific study of human flourishing, with goals of discovering and communities to thrive, happiness is by product of a pleasant, engaged, meaningful life

positive

Id, Superego, ego

personality test

I want it now! impulses desire

ID

represents your morals and how society expected you to behave

superego

caught in the middle, tries to balance the needs of both the id and the superego

ego

we are born with, genetics hormones explain behavior, biology

nature

raised a certain way, environment factors explain behavior, experience

nurture

among chance variations, nature selects traits that best enable an organism to survive and preproduce in a particular environment

natural selection

son resents father, loves mother

odious complex

daughter resents mother, loves father

Electra complex

a mistake in a speech that occurs due to the interference of some unconscious wish, conflict or train of though (basically when you say something wrong your inner self actually wanted to say that)

Freudian slip

women secretly want to be men

PENIS envy

everything is sexual, problems can be traced to childhood and is the fault of the mothers

sex and mothers (Freuds theories)

enhanced memory after retrieving , rather than rereading information

testing effect

study method: survey, question, read, retrieve, review

SQ3R

devoted to studying the measurements of our ability, attitudes, and traits

psychometrics

science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base (includes biology, psychologist linking body and mind)

basic research

study that aims to solve practical problems

applied research

help people cope with challenges and to improve their personal traits

counselling psychologists

medical professionals who uses treatments like drugs and therapy to treat

Psychiatrist degree

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social changes through life span

Developmental Psychology

application of psychology’s concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplace; human factors psychologists

Industrial/organizational

assess and treat people with mental, emotional and behavioral disorders, PHD, studies assessment, and treat troubled people with therapy

Clinical Psychology

allied with I/O psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can made safe and easy to use

human factors phycologist

studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups

community psychologists

processes involve learning, try to create better methods of learning, basic research

educational psychologists

diverse group of scientists who investigate a variety of basic behavioral processes in humans and other animals, work in zoos or academic settings, basic research

experimental psychologists

math related methods used to acquired psychological knowledge, basic research, needs research methods, statistics and computer technology

psychometric and quantitively psychologists

applies psychological principles to legal issues, applied research

forensic psychologists

concerned with psychology contribution to promoting health and preventing disease, healthier lives, applied research

health psychologists

relationship between neurological processes and behavior, research diagnose nervous system disorder, evaluate head trauma, disabilities, disorders, applied research

neuropsychologists

involved in the assessment of and intervention for children in education setting, improve learning, applied research

school psychologist

study of psychological factor that influence and are influenced by participating in sports and other physical activities, applied research

sports psychologists