318 Final Topic 8: Diuretics and Antihypertensives

what is the classification of hydrochlorothiazide?

thiazide diuretic

what is the mode of action of hydrochlorothiazide?

acts on the renal distal tubules to excrete sodium, chloride, and water,

what are the side effects of hydrochlorothiazide?

photosensitivity, muscle cramps

what are the adverse and life threatening reactions to hydrochlorothiazide?

orthostatic hypotension, hypokalemia

what are the drug interactions/ CAM interactions of hydrochlorothiazide?

increased digitalis toxicity if hypokalemia, aloe, gingko, licorice, hawthorn

what are the nursing interventions for hydrochlorothiazide?

assess vital signs, weight, and peripheral edema in extremities, daily weights, urine output

what is the classification of furosemide (Lasix)?

loop diuretic

what is the mode of action of furosemide (Lasix)?

acts on ascending loop on Henle to inhibit sodium and water absorption (water follows solute)

what is furosemide (Lasix) used to treat?

HF, renal dysfunction, HTN

what are the adverse reactions of furosemide (Lasix)?

hypokalemia, orthostatic hypotension, tinnitus, elevated BUN & Cr

what are the CAM interactions of furosemide (Lasix)?

licorice, hawthorn, ginseng

what are the nursing interventions for furosemide (Lasix)?

administer slowly, hearing loss may occur with rapid injection

what is the classification of spironolactone?

potassium-sparing diuretic

what is spironolactone used to treat?

peripheral and pulmonary edema

what is the mode of action of spironolactone?

acts on distal renal tubule to retain potassium and excrete sodium and water

what are the life threatening reaction of spironolactone?

hyperkalemia

what are the side effects of spironolactone?

muscle cramps

what are the nursing interventions for spironolactone?

avoid food high in potassium

what are some non pharmacological methods to control HTN?

stress-reduction techniques, exercise, salt restriction, decrease alcohol ingestion, smoking cessation

what is the classification of Metoprolol (Lopressor)?

beta 1 blocker

what is Metoprolol (Lopressor) used to treat?

HTN, acute MI, angina, HF

what are the side effects of Metoprolol (Lopressor)?

tinnitus, erectile dysfunction

what are the adverse reaction of metoprolol?

bradycardia, hypotension, thrombocytopenia (Call HCP if bruising is present)

what is the classification of prazosin hydrochloride (Minidress)?

alpha-adrenergic blocker

what is prazosin hydrochloride (Minidress) used to treat?

HTN

what are the side effects of prazosin hydrochloride (Minidress)?

tinnitus, erectile dysfunction

what are the adverse reactions of prazosin hydrochloride (Minidress)?

orthostatic hypotension

what are the nursing interventions for prazosin hydrochloride (Minidress)?

teach the client/family to take weekly BP and record, do not abruptly stop medication (can cause bounding pulse)

what is the classification of lisinopril (Prinvil)?

angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor

what is lisinopril (Prinvil) used to treat?

HTN

what is the action of lisinopril (Prinvil)?

blocks the release of aldosterone at the kidneys

what are the contraindication for lisinopril (Prinvil)?

should not be combined with spironolactone

what are the side effects of lisinopril (Prinvil)?

cough (dry cough)

what are the drug interactions with lisinopril (Prinvil)?

hyperkalemia with potassium sparing diuretics (sprinolactone) and foods high in potassium

what are the nursing interventions for lisinopril (Prinvil)?

assess blood pressure before administering

what is the classification of valsartan?

Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARB)

what is valsartan used to treat?

HTN and HF

what is the mode of action of valsartan?

vasodilator that inhibits binding of angiotensin II

what are the side effects of valsartan?

Hypernatremia, erectile dysfunction

what are the adverse reactions of valsartan?

orthostatic hypotension and hyperkalemia

what are the CAM interaction for valsartan?

Hawthorne, golden seal, parsley (decrease BP)