Comprehensive Biology Review: Biomolecules, Cell Theory, Genetics, Evolution, Taxonomy, Plant and Animal Evolution, Conservation Biology

What are polysaccharides?

Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates composed of long chains of monosaccharide units linked by glycosidic bonds. They include starch, glycogen, and cellulose.

What are peptides and polypeptides?

Peptides are short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, while polypeptides are longer chains that can fold into functional proteins.

What is mRNA?

mRNA, or messenger RNA, is a type of RNA that conveys genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

What is cell theory?

Cell theory states that all living organisms are composed of cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

What are prokaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells are unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, such as bacteria and archaea.

What are eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells are complex cells that contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, found in organisms like plants, animals, and fungi.

What is the function of mitochondria?

Mitochondria are organelles that produce energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration.

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Chloroplasts are organelles in plant cells that conduct photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.

What are the first two laws of thermodynamics?

The first law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed. The second law states that in an isolated system, entropy tends to increase.

What is Gregor Mendel known for?

Gregor Mendel is known as the father of genetics for his work on the laws of inheritance, including the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment.

What is PCR?

PCR, or polymerase chain reaction, is a technique used to amplify specific DNA sequences, making millions of copies for analysis.

What is a transgenic organism?

A transgenic organism is one that has been genetically modified to contain DNA from another species.

What are the five forces of evolution?

The five forces of evolution are natural selection, mutation, gene flow, genetic drift, and non-random mating.

What is stabilizing selection?

Stabilizing selection is a type of natural selection that favors average phenotypes and reduces variation.

What is allopatric speciation?

Allopatric speciation occurs when a population is geographically separated, leading to the evolution of new species.

What is taxonomy?

Taxonomy is the science of naming, describing, and classifying organisms into hierarchical categories.

Who developed binomial nomenclature?

Carl Linnaeus developed the system of binomial nomenclature, which gives each species a two-part scientific name.

What is an endangered species?

An endangered species is a species that is at risk of extinction due to a drastic decline in population or habitat.

What is biodiversity?

Biodiversity refers to the variety of life in a particular habitat or ecosystem, including the diversity of species, genetic variation, and ecosystem diversity.

What is conservation biology?

Conservation biology is the study of protecting and managing biodiversity and natural resources.

What is overexploitation?

Overexploitation is the unsustainable use of natural resources, leading to depletion and potential extinction of species.