Soils and Plant Nutrition Lecture Review

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on soils and plant nutrition, focusing on essential nutrients, microbial relationships, and agricultural practices.

Why is fertilizer required in agro-ecosystems?

Fertilizer maintains productivity in most agro-ecosystems by supplying essential nutrients.

What are the differences between macronutrients and micronutrients?

Macronutrients are required in larger quantities for plant growth, while micronutrients are needed in smaller amounts.

What role do beneficial microbes play in plant nutrition?

Beneficial microbes make soil nutrients more available to plants and can enhance plant growth.

What is the rhizosphere?

The rhizosphere is the layer of soil closely surrounding a plant's roots, rich in microbial activity.

What is nitrogen fixation?

Nitrogen fixation is the conversion of atmospheric N2 into ammonia (NH3) by certain bacteria.

How do endophytes contribute to plant health?

Endophytes enhance plant growth, produce antibiotics against diseases, and increase nutrient availability.

What is the nitrogen cycle?

The nitrogen cycle is a series of natural processes that transform nitrogen and nitrogen-containing compounds in the environment.

What are mycorrhizae?

Mycorrhizae are mutualistic associations between fungi and plant roots that enhance nutrient uptake.

What is the role of nitrifying bacteria in the nitrogen cycle?

Nitrifying bacteria oxidize ammonia (NH3) to nitrite (NO2-) and then to nitrate (NO3-), making nitrogen available to plants.

What is the significance of crop rotation in agriculture?

Crop rotation helps restore soil nitrogen levels by alternating legume and non-legume crops.