Endocrine System and Blood Circulation: Key Concepts and Structures

What hormones are produced by the hypothalamus?

ADH & Oxytocin

What hormones are produced by the pituitary gland?

ACTH, TSH, GH, LH, FSH, Prolactin, MSH, ADH, Oxytocin

What hormone does the thyroid gland produce?

Calcitonin

What hormone is produced by the pineal gland?

Melatonin

What hormone is produced by the parathyroid gland?

PTH (Parathyroid hormone)

What hormones are produced by the heart?

ANP (Atrial natriuretic peptide)

What hormones are produced by the thymus?

Thymosins

What hormones are produced by the adrenal cortex?

Aldosterone, Cortisol, Androgens

What hormones are produced by the adrenal medulla?

Epinephrine, Norepinephrine

What hormone is produced by the kidneys?

Calcitriol, Erythropoietin

What hormones are produced by adipose tissue?

Leptin, Resistin

What hormones are produced by the pancreatic islets?

Insulin, Glucagon, Somatostatin, Pancreatic polypeptide

What hormone is produced by the testes?

Testosterone

What hormones are produced by the ovaries?

Estrogen, Progestins, Inhibin

What makes exocrine glands different from endocrine glands?

Exocrine glands have ducts; endocrine glands are ductless.

What is the adenohypophysis?

The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

What is the neurohypophysis?

The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

What is the only hormone produced in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland?

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

What structure of the skull houses the pituitary gland?

Sella turcica

What is the action of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Increases blood calcium levels.

What is the action of calcitonin?

Decreases blood calcium levels.

Which endocrine gland atrophies as we age?

Thymus

Which organ functions as both an exocrine and endocrine gland?

Pancreas

What is the function of blood?

Distributes nutrients and oxygen, delivers waste, transports immune cells, stabilizes pH and temperature.

What are the components of blood?

Red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, platelets.

What is hemostasis?

The process that stops the flow of blood.

What is chemotaxis?

The attraction of cells to certain chemicals.

What is diapedesis?

The ability of cells to move through blood vessels.