galactose mutation stuff

yeast is a _

eukaryote

eukaryotes

in _ mutant, the gene is deleted and there is no induction in galactose/galactose does not induce expression of genes involved in the pathway.

GAL4

three genes involved in regulation of the galactose pathway:

_, _, and _

GAL4, GAL80, GAL3

eukaryotes

normally, _ is responsible for inducing the expression of enzymes responsible for the breakdown of galactose (very similar to lac operon)

galactose

GAL4 mutants are all in the _ gene (same property for rest of mutants like GAL80, GAL3)

GAL4

_ mutants, or knockout of the gene, causes the galactose metabolism genes to be active in the absence of galactose

GAL80

_ mutants is where galactose metabolism genes are not active even in the presence of galactose

GAL3

in GAL4 mutants, the gene is deleted and galactose _ induce expression of genes involved in the pathway.

does not

GAL80 mutants, or knockout of the gene, causes the galactose metabolism genes to be _ in the absence of galactose

active

GAL80 mutants, or knockout of the gene, causes the galactose metabolism genes to be active in the _ of galactose

absence

GAL3 mutants is where galactose metabolism genes are _ even in the presence of galactose

inactive

GAL3 mutants is where galactose metabolism genes are not active in the _ of galactose

presence

wild type cell with _ galactose

GAL4 GAL80 complex bound to enhancers, on one chromosome have 3 genes (GAL1, 10, 7) that encode enzymes for breakdown of galactose

enhancer binding proteins in place to activate galactose enzymes so once galactose in cell they are ready to go to break down galactose

absent

wild type cell with absent galactose

_ _ complex bound to enhancers, on one chromosome have 3 genes (GAL1, 10, 7) that encode enzymes for breakdown of galactose

enhancer binding proteins in place to activate galactose enzymes so once galactose in cell they are ready to go to break down galactose

GAL4, GAL80

wild type cell when galactose is present

GAL3 binds to _ protein and removes from _protein

GAL3 is sensor for _

then _ available to function as an enhancer to promote activation of promoters lying just upstream of each gene (each one/promoter has to be activated)

GAL80, GAL4, galactose, GAL4

wild type cell when galactose is _

GAL3 binds to GAL80 protein and removes from GAL4 protein

GAL3 is sensor for galactose

then GAL4 available to function as an enhancer to promote activation of promoters lying just upstream of each gene (each one/promoter has to be activated)

present

wild type cell when galactose is present

GAL3 binds to GAL80 protein and removes from GAL4 protein

GAL3 is sensor for galactose

then GAL4 available to function as an _ to promote activation of _ lying just upstream of each gene (each one/promoter has to be activated)

enhancer, promoter

normal GAL80 inhibits the GAL4 _ function

enhancer

GAL3 responsible for removing wild type _

GAL80

_ activates galactose metabolic genes by binding to upstream activator sequences (UAS) elements (now define as enhancers)

GAL4

GAL4 activates galactose metabolic genes by binding to _ elements (now define as enhancers)

upstream activator sequences (UAS)

UAS is a _

proximal enhancer

_ acts as an enhancer binding protein to attract RNA polymerase

GAL4

GAL4 acts as an _ to attract RNA polymerase

enhancer binding protein

GAL4 acts as an enhancer binding protein to attract _

RNA polymerase

binding of GAL4 to the enhancer (UAS) removes _, chromatin ends up folding so that UAS/GAL4 complex is proximal to the TATA sequence

RNA polymerase II/Mediator complex waits to be activated

gap in mediator waits to interact with TBP/TFIID complex

enhancer complex promotes formation of TBP/TFIID on TATA box, and promotes the recruitment of the large RNA polymerase complex to the TATA box

GAL80

binding of GAL4 to the enhancer (UAS) removes GAL80, chromatin ends up folding so that _ complex is proximal to the TATA sequence

RNA polymerase II/Mediator complex waits to be activated

gap in mediator waits to interact with TBP/TFIID complex

enhancer complex promotes formation of TBP/TFIID on TATA box, and promotes the recruitment of the large RNA polymerase complex to the TATA box

UAS/GAL4

binding of GAL4 to the enhancer (UAS) removes GAL80, chromatin ends up folding so that UAS/GAL4 complex is proximal to the _

RNA polymerase II/Mediator complex waits to be activated

gap in mediator waits to interact with TBP/TFIID complex

enhancer complex promotes formation of TBP/TFIID on TATA box, and promotes the recruitment of the large RNA polymerase complex to the TATA box

TATA sequence

binding of GAL4 to the enhancer (UAS) removes GAL80, chromatin ends up folding so that UAS/GAL4 complex is proximal to the TATA sequence

_ complex waits to be activated

gap in mediator waits to interact with TBP/TFIID complex

enhancer complex promotes formation of TBP/TFIID on TATA box, and promotes the recruitment of the large RNA polymerase complex to the TATA box

RNA polymerase II/Mediator

binding of GAL4 to the enhancer (UAS) removes GAL80, chromatin ends up folding so that UAS/GAL4 complex is proximal to the TATA sequence

RNA polymerase II/Mediator complex waits to be activated

gap in mediator waits to interact with _

enhancer complex promotes formation of TBP/TFIID on TATA box, and promotes the recruitment of the large RNA polymerase complex to the TATA box

TBP/TFIID complex

binding of GAL4 to the enhancer (UAS) removes GAL80, chromatin ends up folding so that UAS/GAL4 complex is proximal to the TATA sequence

RNA polymerase II/Mediator complex waits to be activated

gap in mediator waits to interact with TBP/TFIID complex

_ promotes formation of TBP/TFIID on TATA box, and promotes the recruitment of the large RNA polymerase complex to the TATA box

enhancer complex

binding of GAL4 to the enhancer (UAS) removes GAL80, chromatin ends up folding so that UAS/GAL4 complex is proximal to the TATA sequence

RNA polymerase II/Mediator complex waits to be activated

gap in mediator waits to interact with TBP/TFIID complex

enhancer complex promotes formation of _ on TATA box, and promotes the recruitment of the large RNA polymerase complex to the TATA box

TBP/TFIID

binding of GAL4 to the enhancer (UAS) removes GAL80, chromatin ends up folding so that UAS/GAL4 complex is proximal to the TATA sequence

RNA polymerase II/Mediator complex waits to be activated

gap in mediator waits to interact with TBP/TFIID complex

enhancer complex promotes formation of TBP/TFIID on _, and promotes the recruitment of the large RNA polymerase complex to the _

TATA box, TATA box

binding of GAL4 to the enhancer (UAS) removes GAL80, chromatin ends up folding so that UAS/GAL4 complex is proximal to the TATA sequence

RNA polymerase II/Mediator complex waits to be activated

gap in mediator waits to interact with TBP/TFIID complex

enhancer complex promotes formation of TBP/TFIID on TATA box, and promotes the recruitment of the large _ complex to the TATA box

RNA polymerase

without galactose, _ bound to enhancer, activity blocked by GAL80

galactose around, then GAL3 binds to and removes GAL80 to get active enhancer complex

GAL4

without galactose, GAL4 bound to enhancer, activity blocked by _

galactose around, then GAL3 binds to and removes GAL80 to get active enhancer complex

GAL80

without galactose, GAL4 bound to enhancer, activity blocked by GAL80

galactose around, then _ binds to and removes GAL80 to get active enhancer complex

GAL3

without galactose, GAL4 bound to enhancer, activity blocked by GAL80

galactose around, then GAL3 binds to and removes _ to get active enhancer complex

GAL80