neuropsych exam 1

looking down at the brain from above

dorsal (superior)

looking up at the brain from below

ventral (inferior)

structures close to each other

proximal

structures far from each other

distal

anterior (frontal)

behind

posterior

medial (center)

at the sides

lateral

structures on the same side

ipsilateral

structures on opposite sides

contralateral

coronal (vertical)

axial (horizontal)

sagittal

afferent

movement toward the brain

efferent

movement away from the brain (to the body)

thalamus

motor control, balance & coordination

cerebellum

amygdala (almond)

memory

hippocampus

80% of human brain, 6 layers, 4 lobes, 2 hemispheres

cerebral cortex

folds- the ridges

gyrus

clefts, shallower than fissures

sulcus

divides the two hemispheres

longitudinal fissure

within parietal lobe, primary somatosensory cortex

postcentral gyrus

divides temporal lobe from the rest of the brain

lateral fissure

divides parietal and occipital lobes

parietooccipital sulcus

within frontal lobe, primary motor cortex

precentral gyrus

divides parietal + frontal lobes

central sulcus

bridge between hemispheres

corpus callosum

hearing, visual processing (pink)

temporal lobe

memory, planning, emotions (yellow)

frontal lobe

vision (purple)

occipital lobe

hippocampus, amygdala, cingulate lobe

limbic system

includes cortex, basal ganglia (putamen, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus) & limbic system (hippocampus/ amygdala)

forebrain

thalamus & hypothalamus

diancephalon

cerebellum, midbrain, pons, medulla

brain stem

3rd, 4th, + lateral

ventricles

body sensations (green)

parietal lobe