Topic 1 Cell Biology 2024 sem 2 (1)

Organelle

A part of a cell that has a specific structure and function.

Cell Membrane

A flexible, strong barrier that controls the entry and exit of substances from the cell.

Nucleus

A membrane-bound organelle that stores and protects most of the cell’s genetic material.

Mitochondria

The site of cellular respiration, that makes oxygen and sugar into energy a cell can use.

Endocytosis

Bulk transport of material into a cell.

Exocytosis

Bulk transport out of cells.

Prokaryotic Cell

A type of cell that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles.

Eukaryotic Cell

A type of cell that contains a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles.

Ribosomes

Tiny organelles that join amino acids together to form proteins.

Chloroplast

An organelle found in plant cells that captures energy from sunlight and turns it into chemical energy through photosynthesis.

Golgi Apparatus

An organelle that sorts, modifies and exports cell products out of the cell.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A network of membranes involved in the transport of proteins and lipids within the cell.

Cytoplasm

Clear gel-like fluid that is home to the cell's organelles.

Cell Wall

A rigid layer that protects and supports plant cells, made of cellulose.

Vacuole

A fluid-filled sac in plant cells used for storage and maintaining cell structure.

Facilitated Diffusion

A process where substances move across the plasma membrane with the help of protein channels.

Active Transport

The movement of substances across the cell membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring energy.

Phospholipid

Molecule made of a hydrophilic phosphate head and two hydrophobic lipid tails that makes up the cell membrane.

Binary Fission

A method of asexual reproduction in prokaryotic cells where the cell divides into two parts.

Chlorophyll

The green pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis.

Homeostasis

The process by which a cell maintains its internal environment despite changes in external conditions.

Cellular Respiration

The series of metabolic processes that convert food into energy (ATP) within the mitochondria.