important people - history - ancient and classical greece

intro to ap: reading guide - ch. 8-9

zeus

the sky and thunder god in ancient Greek religion

hera

the goddess of women, marriage, family, and childbirth

poseidon

the god of the sea, storms, earthquakes, and horses

demeter

goddess of agriculture, harvest, and grains

athena

associated with wisdom, handicraft, and warfare

apollo

god of archery, music and dance, truth and prophecy, healing and diseases

artemis

goddess of the hunt, the wilderness, wild animals, the moon, and chastity

ares

god of courage and war

hephastus

god of blacksmiths, metalworking, carpenters, craftsment, and artisans

aphrodite

associated with love, beauty, pleasure, passion and procreation

hermes

considered the herald of the gods

hestia

the goddess of the hearth, the right ordering of domesticity, the family, and the home

homer

famous greek poet of the iliad and the odyssey

draco

athenian tyrant who created a harsh law code in which both minor and serious crimes were punishable by death

solon

athenian tyrant who changed the code to only serious crimes; he outlawed debt slavery and gave more power to assembly amongst other things

cyrus the great

founder of the persian empire; tolerant - allowed jews to return to homeland; 600-530 BCE

darius I

first persian war

known for administration; satraps and royal road

xerxes

second persian war; son of darius I

pericles

under pericles, athens became more democratic, parthenon was rebuilt, and entered a golden age

herodotus

“father of history” wrote about the persian wars; stressed research

thucydides

described the peloponnesian wars; avoided bias

phidias

famous sculptor of the athena parthenos and zeus in the temple of olympia; focused on only serenity

hippocrates

hippocratic oath - set ethical standards for physicians still used by doctors today

archimedes

mathematical physics, invented pulley, lever, water lifts, and pi

pythagoras

pythagorean theorem (geometry) - used to calculate the relationship between sides of a triangle

euclid

father of geometry