COM Final Exam

Self-disclosure

The act of revealing personal information about oneself; women tend to self-disclose more than men.

Haptics

The study of touch in communication; women tend to use touch more than men.

Proxemics

The study of personal space; men generally need more space while women prefer to be closer together.

Aggressive behavior

A communication style characterized by hostility; more commonly exhibited by men.

Emotional expression

The demonstration of feelings; women generally express emotions more clearly than men.

Eye contact

The act of looking into someone's eyes; more frequently maintained by women.

Love vs. Romance

Women often focus on love while men tend to emphasize romance.

Perception

The way individuals view the world around them, which may differ between genders.

Landmarks in directions

Women typically reference landmarks when giving directions, while men might use distances and compass directions.

Sex role stereotypes

Culturally defined expectations about behaviors of men and women, such as women cooking and men doing heavy lifting.

Conflict Management Styles

Different strategies for handling interpersonal conflict, including avoidance, accommodation, compromise, competition, and collaboration.

Avoidance

A conflict management style characterized by low concern for both tasks and relationships.

Accommodation

A conflict management approach showing high concern for social relationships but low focus on tasks.

Compromise

A conflict management style involving a moderate concern for both tasks and social relationships.

Competition

Conflict management style focused on high concern for tasks but low concern for relationships.

Collaboration

A conflict management approach that balances high concern for both tasks and social relationships.

Win-Lose Strategies

Conflict strategies that result in one person losing and the other winning.

Win-Win Strategies

Conflict strategies that are designed to ensure benefits for both parties.

Silencers

Unproductive conflict strategies like crying that inhibit resolution.

Face-Attacking

A method of conflict resolution that criticizes or demeans the other person's self-image.

Face-Enhancing

Supportive behavior that acknowledges the other person's positive or negative aspects.

Beltlining

Hitting someone at their emotional vulnerabilities during a conflict.

Verbal Aggressiveness

Using psychological pain and attacks on self-concept to dominate an argument.

Transactional Model of Communication

A model stating that communication is mutual, simultaneous, and context-bound.

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

The theory that language shapes our perception of reality.

Edward Hall’s Communication Distances

Different categories of personal space including public, social, personal, and private.

Denotative Meaning

The objective meaning of a word or phrase, commonly agreed upon.

Connotative Meaning

The subjective or emotional associations connected to a word.

Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication

Features include continuity, multiple channels, partial control, and ambiguity.

Legitimate Power

Power derived from a person's position and accepted right to influence others.

Reward Power

Power based on the ability to provide desirable outcomes for others.

Coercive Power

Power that comes from the ability to punish or remove rewards.

Expert Power

Influence based on perceived expertise or knowledge.

Referent Power

Influence derived from being liked or admired by others.

Information Power

Power from possessing significant information and persuasive abilities.

Principles of Power

Concepts regarding the nature, relationship, sharing, and cultural aspects of power.

Stages of Relationship Development

Phases include contact, involvement, intimacy, deterioration, repair, and dissolution.

Attraction Theory

The principle that we are drawn to those we find physically or personally attractive.

Social Exchange Theory

The idea that we seek relationships that maximize benefits and minimize costs.

Equity Theory

A theory stating that relationships thrive when rewards and costs are balanced between partners.

Relationship Rules Theory

The view that following certain rules maintains relationships while breaking them harms them.

Relationship Dialectics Theory

The theory that relationships involve balancing conflicting desires, such as freedom and connection.

Social Penetration Theory

The idea that intimacy grows with the depth and breadth of communication.

Politeness Theory

The concept that maintaining positive and negative face needs supports effective communication.

Primary Relationships

The most significant relationships in a person's life, typically involving deep emotional connections.

Love Types

Categories of love including Eros, Ludus, Storge, Pragma, Manie, and Agape.

Friendship of Reciprocity

An ideal friendship characterized by equal exchange of benefits and support.

Friendship of Receptivity

An imbalanced friendship where one person primarily gives and the other receives.

Friendship of Association

A casual friendship with no deep emotional engagement.

Friendship Needs

The requirements individuals look for in friendships such as utility, affirmation, stimulation, and security.

Cultural Dimensions of Friendship

Variations in friendship expectations across cultures, such as collectivism versus individualism.

Gender and Friendships

Differences in communication styles and emotional expressiveness in male and female friendships.

Types of Relationship Violence

Categories of abuse including verbal, physical, and sexual abuse.

Verbal Aggressiveness

A behavior in conflicts where one person inflicts psychological pain on the other.