FSC Lecture 1: "police forces"

The french term “policie” means?

keeping order, keeping peace

The greek term “politeia” means?

citizenship, administration, civil polity

what is the greek word for police?

astynomia

what does a police force do?

enforce the law, protect property, and limit
civil disorder.

who was the first centrally organized police force was created by?

the government of King Louis XIV in 1667 to police the
city of Paris

City of glasgow police (YEAR)

1800

Surete in Paris (YEAR)

1810

metropolitan police in london (YEAR)

1829

royal Irish constabulary (YEAR)

1822

Who was sir robert peel?

He was a politician who served as a prime minister in britain

when and what were the two acts sir robert peel introduced?

• Introduced the constabulary act in 1822  

• Created the metropolitan act in 1829 

what is a famous quote by sir robert peel?

“The police are the public and the public are the police"

what were the benefits and duties of policing in North America?

• Keeping the law and order and maintaining uniformed presence (ex: slowing down while driving in case you see a cop car)

• Railroad security (ex: gold rush thieving and mining for their fortune)

• Labour strikes

• Horse thieving

• Rioting

how did policing in north America become a thing?

• Began as a volunteers

• Recognized the need for more permanent authority

• Developed into a paid “policeman” position complete with

Where was the first municipal police force in North

America?

The toronoto police force - 19th century

Toronto Police (YEAR)

1834

Montreal and Boston Police (YEAR)

1838

Quebec City Police(YEAR)

1840

New York City Police(YEAR)

1844

Philadelphia Police(YEAR)

1854

what was “toronto” before it was toronto

“york” it was renamed in the year 1834

what was the north west mounted police a forerunner for?

the royal canadian mounted police

when was the north west mounted police created?

after confederation

The NWMP pioneered the enforcement of federal law in the West, and the Arctic, from?

1873 until 1920

True or false?

In Canada, municipalities are responsible for the majority of policing services.

True

what happends If a province does not have their own police force?

municipal policing is provided by the RCMP   

In 2015 how many stand-alone municipal police

services were there?

176

serving 64% of the population of Canada

what was the OPP

Ontario Provincial Police

what was the opp responsible for?

• Provide rural policing needs for province

• Provides urban policing needs where no other police service exists

• Provides support for all police agency as required

what is policing in ontario?

• Prevent crime  

• Enforce our laws  

• Help victims  

• Keep public order  

• Respond to emergencies  

 

Atavism:

criminals were born to commit crimes due to biological deviance (Cesare Lombroso)

Positivism:

crime was the product of social causes (Alexandre Lacassagne)

Cesare Lombroso?

(1839 – 1909)

considered to be the “father of modern criminology”

Alexandre Lacassagne

(1843 – 1924)

referred to as the “father of forensic medicine”

What did Lombrosso do?

Compiled data and wrote Criminal Man which determined identification could be made by physical characteristics inherent with criminals.

what did Lacassagne do?

Offered his observations and research to high profile cases in France – creating area of study known as legal medicine

Alphonse Bertillon (1853 – 1914)

Developed system to improve identification in 1883:

Bertillonage (Anthropometry)

what was the Bertillonage (Anthropometry) method?

Took eleven measurements of head and body, including the shape of the ear, mouth and eye, limbs, scars, tattoos, and personal characteristics

Edmond Locard (1877-1966)

Developed a methodology for examining cause of death and any associated physical evidence

what was Locard’s exchange prinicple?

"every contact leaves a trace"

Hans Gross (1847 – 1915):

Was an Austrian Professor of criminal law

what book did Hans Gross write?

Handbook for Examining Magistrates as a System of Criminology

What is criminology?

The scientific study and evaluation of physical evidence in the commission of crimes

who coined the term “criminalistic” ?

Hans Gross