geography semester review

um yea

(Islam Reading) Prophet

Muhammad

sunni

rulers do not have to be descendants of the prophets

shia

rulers had to be direct descent of the prophet

latitude

runs east to west (parallel)

longitude

runs north to south (meridian)

Prime Meridian

divides the Earth to eastern and western hemispheres

equator

divides Earth into northern and southern hemispheres

solstice

sun is overhead on the tropic of cancer and Capricorn

equinox

“equal night” day and night are equal

relationship between temperature and elevation

as elevation increases temp decreases about 3.5° (1.9°C) for each 100 ft

moderating effects of large bodies of water

Water moderates the variation in temp

in culture what kind of things diffuse?

the spread if culture traits, material, and nonmaterial

absolute monarchy

complete and unlimited power in the monarch

constitutional monarchy

monarchs share governmental powers with elected legislatives or serve

human resources

skills and talents of employed people of a nation

primary

natural resources directly from the earth. (Forestry, mining, and fishing.)

secondary

use raw materials to make a tangible product that is newer and more valuable. (automobile manufacturing, assembling electronic goods.)

terciary

providing service to people and business. (doctors, teachers, lawyers etc.)

quaternary

processing, management, and distribution of information. (government, education, business, etc.)

In regards to countries, what is the connection between standards of living and the level of a country’s economic development?

higher the level of economic development, higher than the standard of living.

Berlin Conference

to regulate european colonization

Who did it hurt? How/Why?

Africans. It combined people who didn’t get along.

**Africa: Post Colonization** Economic success?

No (poor infrastructures, only engaged in primary activity)

**Africa: Post Colonization** Crops today compared to colonial times

Same crop the Europeans grew

**Africa: Post Colonization** Overall, what did Europeans do to Africa/Africans?

They created ethnic conflicts, heavy debt, genocide, poor infrastructure, corruption, and civil war.

Great Rift Valley- What? Where? How?

Cracks in the Earth’s surface from shifting and separating tectonic plates.

Africa’s economic base

raw materials

What doesn't Africa do?

manufactoring

What’s its most important economic activity and why?

Farming, 2 out of 3 people are farmers

What describes a one commodity country?

a country that relies on one or two different things

Africa: Great Green Wall

Wall of trees to form a wind barrier to stop desertification in the Sahel region

Sudan vs. South Sudan

is over who has the rights over the oil producing areas

Countries of the Eastern Mediterranean subregion

Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Israel

Rub al-Khali Desert

aka Empty Quarter, aka the “place where no one comes out”

Where is Mesopotamia located?

In the Fertile Crescent

What is Mesopotamia known for?

Several ancient rivers

Mesopotamia developed what?

agriculture

What would be the strategic commodity for countries in the dry, water-challenged Southwest Asia?

Water

British and French

primary victors of WW1, dissolved the Ottoman Empire.

stateless nations

nation of people without a territory to call their own.

Kurds

stateless nation in northeast subregion of SW Asia who were promised a country of their own by Britain and France but never got it.

Zionism

Political belief/movement to create and support a Jewish homeland in ancient Rome.

Creation of Israel

UN Proposed 1947, proposed 2 states one for Arabs and one for Jews. Israel was created in 1948. Jews accepted the plan for a two state nation.

Palestinians

stateless nation. Became stateless when Israel was created. Did not accept a plan for a two state nation.

right of return

refers to UN Resolution 194