PPL Ground SU2

These flashcards cover key concepts related to aviation weather, flight operations, and emergency protocols.

How is density altitude calculated?

Density altitude is calculated as (29.92 - Current alt.) x 1000 + field elevation.

What are V speeds in aviation?

V speeds are specific airspeeds important for the operation of an aircraft, including Vx (best angle of climb) and Vy (best rate of climb).

Vx gives the most altitude in the shortest distance

Vy Provides the most altitude gain in the shortest time

What does METAR stand for and what does it provide?

METAR stands for Meteorological Aerodrome Report and provides hourly updates on current surface weather information.

What is the significance of AO1 and AO2?

AO1 and AO2 are precipitation sensors; AO1 cannot determine the type of precipitation, while AO2 can.

What does TAF indicate in aviation weather?

TAF stands for Terminal Aerodrome Forecast, valid for 24 or 30 hours, covering weather predictions for a 5-statute-mile area around an airport.

What do the abbreviations OVC, SCT, and SKC mean in cloud reporting?

OVC means overcast, SCT means scattered, and SKC means sky clear.

What information does SIGMET provide?

SIGMET provides significant meteorological information for all aircraft, concerning severe icing, Severe turbulence, Clean Air Turbulence (CAT), volcanic ash, sandstorms, and dust storms

What is an AWOS?

Automated Weather Observation System that is updated every minute

Define the 5 C's related to IMC situations.

The 5 C's for accidental entrance into IMC are

Control (the aircraft)

Climb (start a climb to get out of the clouds)

Course (turn 180 degrees to get out of clouds)

Communicate (with ATC)

Confess/comply (With ATC instruction)

In a METAR what does VRB mean?

VRB stands for variable winds, which means that the winds can vary in direction within a 60 degree cone in less than 2 minutes and the wind speeds are less than 6 Knts

What is a SPECI

It is a special METAR used when unexpected weather phenomena occur

What does TEMPO mean in a TAF

Temporary conditions that will dissipate in time

What does PROB mean in a TAF

It means there is a probability of a certain weather phenomena occurring in a certain time-frame; they are measured in precenteges

What is an AIRMET

It is Airman Meteorological Information that is updated every 6 hours

What information does a Sierra AIRMET provide

IFR conditions, and mountain obstructions

What information does a Tango AIRMET provide

Moderate Turbulence, Non convective low-level windshear, and surface winds exceeding 30knts

What information does a Zulu AIRMET provide

Icing, and Freezing Level

What are convective Sigmets, when are they issued, and how long are they valid for?

SIGMETS providing info on thunderstorm conditions and are valid for 2 hours and are issued as needed

What types of info do Convective SIGMETS provide

Sev Thunderstorm

○ Surface winds 50 knots or greater

● Hail at surface ¾ in or greater

● Tornadoes

● Embedded thunderstorms

● Lines of thunderstorms (Greater than 60mi)

What type of info does an AWOS A provide

Altimeter info

What type of info does an AWOS 1 provide

Altimiter + wind + temp/dewpoint + density alt.

What type of info does an AWOS 2 provide

Altimiter + wind + temp/dewpoint + density alt. + Visibility

What type of info does an AWOS 3 provide

Altimiter + wind + temp/dewpoint + density alt. + Visibility + Cloud info

What type of information does an AWOS 3 PT mean

Altimiter + wind + temp/dewpoint + density alt. + visibility + Cloud

info + thunderstorm info + percip

What is an ASOS

Automated Surface Observation System which is a more advanced version of AWOS, It is also used to generate METARs

What are the 2 types of vision

Central vision which sends a clear image to the brain and is useful for scanning during the day

Peripheral vision that is used to detect motion outside of the center of the vision and is effective at night

What is IIMC and UIMC

IIMC: Intentional entrance into IMC

UIMC: Unintentional entrance into IMC conditions

What is the phone number to contact the nearest FSS station

1800 WXBREIF

What are the 3 types of breifs you can get from an FSS

Standard: Covers basic conditions for the flight

Outlook: A breif that is used to predict weather for a flight 6+ hours out

Abbreviated: A breif to update info from a standard breif