History of Psychopathology

Psychological Disorder

Psychological dysfunction, distress or impairment.

Functional Impairment

Psychological challenges impair one's ability to function typically.

Atypical response

Individuals are much more distressed than others are expected to be.

Psychopathology

Study of psychological dysfunction.

PhD

Clinical Psychologist (trained in research and treatment delivery)

PsyD

Clinical and Counseling psychology (trained in treatment delivery)

MD

Psychiatrist (trained in psychopharmacology)

NP (Nurse Practitioner)

Medication management

MA/MS

Social Worker/Mental Health Counselor (trained in treatment delivery

Case Conceptualization

Clinical Description, Causation, Treatment/Outcomes

Clinical Description

Demographic Information, Symptoms, Environmental Factors, Prevalence and Incidence, Course and Prognosis.

Causation

Etiology, Risk Factor, Protective Factor

Etiology

Causes, origins, or underlying factors of a mental disorder, behavior, or disease.

Risk Factor

A clearly defined behavior or other characteristic that is associated with an increased possibility that a disorder will develop.

Protective Factor

A clearly defined behavior or other characteristic that is associated with a decreased probability that a disorder will develop.

Treatment Goal

What is best for our client? How can we best alleviate psychological suffering?

Supernatural Approach

"If we can't explain it, it must be God" Saint Vitus' Syndrome, Mass hysteria, Emotional contagion, Mob Psychology

Biological Approach

Hippocrates, Galen, Shell Shock, Moral Therapy, Mental Hygiene Movement

Hippocrates

Understood mental disorders as a physical disease.

Humoral theory of disorders

Functioning is related to having too much or too little of four key bodily fluids called 'humors'.

Shell Shock

A term coined in WWI used to describe psychological and physical symptoms suffered by soldiers.

Moral Therapy

Individuals exhibiting signs of psychopathology had been historically institutionalized

Psychodynamic Therapy

Focus on affect and the expression of emotions, emphasizing past experiences and motivation.

Humanistic Theory

Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Carl Rogers' therapy emphasizing unconditional positive regard.

Behaviorism

Classical Conditioning (Pavlov) and Operant Conditioning (Skinner).

Dominant Traditions for Atypical Behavior

Supernatural, Biological, Psychological

The Wandering Uterus

Psychological symptoms were a result of the uterus moving around the body

Galen

Treated imbalance of the humors with changes in environmental conditions

Mental Hygiene Movement

Movement focused on providing care to all who need it

Psychosexual stages of Development

Conflicts arise at each stage and must be resolved to move on to the next stage of development.

Psychoanalysis

Free association, dream analysis, transference

Focused on the unconscious

"Rat Man" Case Study

Ernst Lanzer experienced what could now be believed as Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Lanzer was terribly fearful that some harm might come to close friends or family members (his primary obsessions) if he did not carry out certain rituals (his compulsions). He was particularly fearful that his loved ones would be subjected to a particularly horrible form of torture involving being eaten alive by rats.