a&p test review lymphoid and endocrine system

Environment full of pathogens, bacteria, viruses, fungi, microbes that can cause disease is defended by blank

lymphoid system

Recovers tissue fluid; cleanses it with pathogens

Activates immune response

Returns fluid to floor stream

Lymphoid system

Fluid collected from tissue and returned to blood stream

Found in lymphatic vessels

Lymph

Resemble veins

Transport lymph not blood

Lymphatic vessels

Loose aggregations of lymphocytes in connective tissue of other organ systems

Ex. respiratory and digestive tracts

Lymphoid tissue

Organized masses of lymphoid tissue

Enclosed in fibrous capsule

Ex. Tonsils, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes

Lymphoid organs

Fluid recovery, immunity, lipid absorption

Are function of blank

Lymphoid system

Helps maintain blood volume

Checks fluid for toxins/ guards opening of digestive and respiratory tracts

Absorb dietary lipids

Lymphoid system functions

What macro molecule is absorbed by lymphatic system

Lipids

Specialized lymphatic vessels in small intestine

Lacteals

Lacteals absorb blank, which travels through blank

Dietary lipids

Lymphatic vessels

Recover tissue fluid

Permeate most tissue

Similar to capillaries

Lymphatic capillaries

Once recovered tissue fluid enters the lymphatic capillaries called blank

Lymph

Since there is no pump for blank, it flows at lower pressure and speed

Lymph

Vessels rhythmically contract when stretched with lymph

Skeletal muscles compress lymphatic vessels

Movement of lymph

Similar to blood plasma, less protein

Lymph

Contains lymphocytes- B cells T cells

Macrophages- derived from monocytes

Pathogens- bacteria virus

Debris sometimes cancer cells

Lymph

Congregations of lymphocytes that come and go in response to pathogens

Ex- lymph nodes, tonsils , appendix

Lymphoid nodules

Lymphoid tissues include

Lymphoid nodules

Have well defined anatomical sites

Lymphoid organs

Principle lymphoid organs are

Tonsils, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes

Patches or lymphoid tissue located in oral cavity

Tonsil

Located in mediastinum between heart at base of neck

Thymus

The thymus is a site were lymphocytes arrive from bone marrow and become blank

T cells

Thymus is t for

T cells

Important for cellular immunity

Does not produce antibodies

Thymus

Largest lymphoid organ

Located in upper left quadrant of the abdomen

Spleen

The internal tissue of the spleen is divided into

White pulp

Red pulp

Consists of lymphoid

White pulp

Consists of spongy tissue filled with blood

Red pulp

Stores erythrocytes and platelets

Releases these into circulation of needed

The spleen

Only lymphoid organ that filters blood

Spleen

Spleen is known as the

Erythrocyte graveyard

Most numerous lymphoid organ

widely distributed- same location

Lymph nodes

Cleans lymph

Act as site of immune cell activation and antibody production

lymph nodes

Play key roles in :

Growth and development

Metabolism and energy

Water/ caloric balance

Reproduction

Endocrine system

Chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands or tissues in blood

Hormones

Controls more bodily functions than any other gland

Pituitary gland

After women give birth, it stimulates mammary glands to secrete milk

Prolactin

Stimulates uterine smooth muscle

Leads to contractions during labor

Role in emotional bonding

Oxytocin

Secretes melatonin that is for sleep cycle

The pineal gland

To stimulate an increase on metabolic rate

Stimulates growth

Increases altertness

Fetal nervous system

Thyroid hormone

Four small blank are located on posterior surface of thyroid

Parathyroid glands

Stimulates bone to raise blood calcium levels

Parathyroid hormones

Spongy organ near stomach

The pancreas

What produces insulin and lowers blood glucose concentration

Pancreas

Produced by adrenal glands

Stimulates kidney to retain sodium ions

Aldosterone

Produced by adrenal glands

Stress hormone from anxiety, illness or injury

Cortisol

Ovaries produce eggs -

Testes produce sperm-

Outside production

Ovaries and testes produce

Gonadal hormones

Regulate ovarian and menstrual cycles

Prepare uterus for implantation of embryo maintain pregnancy

Contribute to reproduction system development

Estrogen and progesterone affects

Sustains sperm production and sex drive

Stimulates development of male reproductive system in fetus

Testosterone