Feedback Loops and Tipping Points

What is a negative feedback loop?

Output of a system inhibits or reverses the process, stabilizing the system. Example: Body temperature regulation, predator-prey populations.

What is a positive feedback loop?

Output of a system amplifies change, destabilizing the system. Example: Population decline leading to extinction, ice-albedo effect in climate change.

What is a tipping point?

Small change in one component leads to large overall change, shifting system to a new equilibrium.

Difference between steady-state equilibrium and tipping point?

Steady-state equilibrium: system remains relatively stable despite short-term changes. Tipping point: system moves to a new stable state due to positive feedback.