FOR232 - Twig Exam #1

Longest bud 3/4-1” long w/overlapping scales - almost thorn-like

American beech - fagaceae - fagus grandifolia

Sulfur yellow terminal bud, terminal larger than laterals, buds valvate

Bitternut hickory - juglandaceae - carya cordiformis

No terminal, tiny lateral buds, spiny twig with paired thorns, zig-zag twig

Black locust - fabaceae - robinia pseudoacacia

Pale silky-downy buds, notched leaf scar

Black walnut - juglandaceae - juglans nigra

Small round buds clustered at terminal, stout corky twig

Bur oak - fagaceae - quercus macrocarpa

pale silky-downy buds, leaf scar with linear fringe of hairs above

butternut - juglandaceae - juglans cinerea

terminal bud absent, whorled leaf scars, bulbous stout twig

Northern catlalpa - bignoniaceae - catalpa speciosa

Naked brown stalked buds, nutty looking flower buds, slender twig

Common witchhazel - hamamelidaceae - hamamelis virginiana

Conical stout reddish-brown buds, light reddish brown/gray twig

Ginkgo - ginkgoceae - ginkgo biloba

imbricate brownish buds 1/4” long, small male singular catkins, white prominent lenticels along twig

Grey birch - betulaceae - betula populifolia

multi-stemmed twig, buds dark brown and valvate, upright red stems (become grey-ish)

grey dogwood - cornaceae - cornus racemosa

small 1/4” buds appressed to stem, twig slender, somewhat zig-zag; singular berries sometimes present

Hackberry - cannabaceae - celtis occidentalis

imbricate rounded small <1/4” long buds, twigs long stalked with glandular hairs, somewhat zig-zag branch, nut-like fruit on trig

hazelnut - betulaceae - corylus americana

brown imbricate small buds <1/4”, slender dark red-brown twig

Musclewood - betulaceae - carpinus caroliniana

2 toned green and brown buds - imbricate, small, pointed; slender, dark-reddish twig; triple catkin chicken foot at end of twig; green delicate chandelier fruit

Hophornbeam - betulaceae - ostrya virginiana

naked long, round thin buds, lance like terminal bud, naked; opposite leaf scars

nannyberry - axodaceae - viburnum lentago

cluster of buds at terminal, pointed 1/8-1/4”, shiny reddish brown, smaller and angled buds; shiny reddish brown, hairy when young

Northern pin oak - fagaceae - quercus ellipsoidalis

red-brown bud cluster at terminal, buds pointy 1/4”, ovoid, shiny reddish brown at base; moderately stout twig

northern red oak - fagaceae - quercus rubra

greenish or purplish twig, lenticals along twig - forked twig at end - pseudo pointy terminal, apressed lateral buds against twig and somewhat fuzzy

pagoda dogwood - cornaceae - cornus alternifolia

imbricate buds 1/4-1/2” long; green and brown variegated, pointy; smooth and somewhat hairy twig

paper birch - betulaceae - betula papyrifera

bright red twig with raised white lenticels

redstemmed dogwood - cornaceae - cornus sericea

broadly ovoid bud with 3 or 4 loose fitting scales; moderately stout twig, large leaf scar

shagbark hickory - juglandaceae - carya ovata

silky pubescene on new growth; purplish to yellow/green; raised lenticels; narrow hairy pointed buds, no stalk, appressed valvate buds

silky dogwood - cornaceae - cornus amomum

stout velvety twig

staghorn sumac - anacardiaceae - rhus typhina

cluster of buds at terminal, buds rounded, smooth stout or slender twig

swamp white oak - fagaceae - quercus bicolor

purplish/red-brown plump buds, stalked, 1/4-1/2” long stalk, fine down; slender to mod. stout twig, light color lenticels

tag alder - betulaceae - alnus incana

cluster of buds at terminal, buds round, ovate; reddish brown shiny twig, moderately stout

white oak - fagaceae - quercus alba

ovate, acute sharp gnarly pointy buds; female cone catkin at spur shoot; scratch and sniff wintergreen

yellow birch - betulaceae - betula allegheniensis

Terminal valvate and duck-bill like; stout reddish brown twig

tuliptree - magnoliaceae - liriodendron tulipifera

rusty/dark brown/almost-black buds; inset in leaf, uppermost laterals near terminal scar; stout, “smiling” leaf scar

White ash - oleaceae - fraxinus americana

dark brown to nearly black buds; uppermost pair lateral buds just below terminal, round leaf scar

black ash - oleaceae - fraxinus nigra

leaves on short shoots

tamarack - pinaceae - larix laricina

terminal naked, foliose terminal bud/paintbrush like; slender, vertical lenticels

glossy bluckthorn - rhamnaceae - frangula alnus

imbricate, appressed, brownish black buds, thorn sometimes present near terminal, slender, grayish twig with lenticels

European buckthorn - rhamnaceae - rhamnus cathartica

tiny 1/8” buds; slender, shiny, reddish-brown twig; clustured buds at terminal

pin cherry - rosaceae - prunus pennsylvanica

small 1/5” imbricate buds, reddish brown to greenish scales, slender 2-toned green/brown twig; sometimes greyish cast to twig

black cherry - rosaceae - prunus serotina

small 1/3” imbricate brownish black and tan scales; slender but stouter than black cherry twig; light brown to gray twig

choke cherry - rosaceae - prunus virginiana

up to 1/2” long, pointed, covered with scales, usually with hairy margins, light yello green to red in color/variegated/blended; slender flexible red-brown twig, may be hairy when young

juneberry - rosaceae - amelanchier spp.

red wooly buds, in-between spines, stipule spines along twig

prickly ash - rutaceae - zanthoxylum americanum

lustrous brown sticky buds, 1/2 -3/4” long, laterals appressed and flattened, terminal as 6-7 scales, siny; stour yellowish to brown twig

Eastern cottonwood - salicaceae - populus deltoides

dusty baby powder buds; stout round reddish brown twig becomes gray

Bigtooth aspen - salicaceae - populus grandidentata

shiny but not sticky buds, dark buds 1/2-3/4” long, laterals appressed and flattened, terminal 6-7 visible scales, stout yellowish to brown twig

quaking aspen - salicaceae - populus tremuloides

terminal absent, appressed to stem, rater slender, light yellow-green to brownish twig

willow - salicaceae - salix spp.

ovoid terminal bud, white hairy buds, appressed laterals

boxelder - sapindaceae - acer negundo

plump, turban shaped buds; 1/4-3/4 inch long; stout smooth lustrous olive-brown twig

norway maple - sapindaceae - acer platanoides

roundish buds 2-4 pairs of scales; odorless twig, dark red and lustrous

red maple - sapindaceae - acer rubrum

roundish buds 2-4 pairs of scales; stinky twig

silver maple - sapindaceae - acer saccharinum

pointed bud; only pointy of group; 4-8 pairs of visible scales, slender, shiny and brownish twig

sugar maple - sapindaceae - acer saccharum

imbricate scaled bud, ovoid, terminal 2/3” long, lateral buds smaller, brown, hairy margins; stout twig; NOT shiny bud

ohio buckeye - sapindaceae - aesculus glabra

large, ovoid, shiny buds; dark reddish brown, sticky buds; twig stout

horsechestnut - sapindaceae - aesculus hippocastanum

false terminal bud tilted/leaning, lateral buds slightly flattened/appressed; 2-toned; slender twig, zig-zag; bundle scars making cat face; small lateral branches come off at 90 degrees

american elm - ulmaceae - ulmus americana

203 bud scales, reen to reddish; plump; terminal bud tilted; twig sometimes zig-zag; green to red twig

american basswood - tiliaceae - tilia americana

reddish brown buds; hairy; uppermost laterals near terminal; stout, grayish brown; semicircular leaf scar

green ash - oleaceae - fraxinus pennsylvanica