Medicine through time

What is the Edexcel Medicine Through Time course?

A history course that explores the development of medicine from ancient times to the present, emphasizing key events, figures, and changes in medical practices.

Who was Hippocrates?

An ancient Greek physician known as the 'Father of Medicine' who proposed that diseases were caused naturally and not by superstition.

What significant change occurred in the Middle Ages regarding medicine?

The influence of the Catholic Church on medicine increased, and many medical practices were based on ancient texts.

What was the role of hospitals in the Middle Ages?

Hospitals primarily served as places for the sick and poor, offering care but often lacking in advanced medical treatments.

What is the significance of the Black Death in medical history?

The Black Death led to an increase in medical observation and a focus on hygiene and sanitation as measures to combat disease.

Who was Galen?

A Roman physician whose theories dominated Western medical thought for centuries, particularly the theory of the Four Humors.

What did Andreas Vesalius contribute to medicine?

He is known for his work in human anatomy, correcting many of Galen's errors through direct observation and dissection.

What was the germ theory of disease?

The theory that microorganisms are the cause of many diseases, fundamentally changing the understanding of illness.

Who developed the smallpox vaccine?

Edward Jenner, who introduced vaccination as a preventive measure against smallpox in 1796.

What was significant about the 19th century for medicine?

It saw the development of anesthesia and antiseptics, greatly improving surgical outcomes.

What were the Nightingale Pledge and its significance?

A pledge taken by nurses to practice with integrity and provide compassionate care, inspired by Florence Nightingale's work.

What impact did the Industrial Revolution have on public health?

It led to urbanization and poor living conditions, prompting reforms in public health and sanitation.

What did Louis Pasteur contribute to medicine?

He developed the pasteurization process and demonstrated the role of germs in disease.

How did World War I influence medicine?

It accelerated advancements in medical technology and practices, especially in surgery and trauma care.

What was the significance of the discovery of antibiotics?

The discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming revolutionized the treatment of bacterial infections.

What is complementary medicine?

Alternative therapies such as acupuncture, herbal medicine, and chiropractic care that are used alongside conventional medicine.

What role did women play in medicine during the 19th and 20th centuries?

Women fought for the right to become doctors and nurses, contributing to reforms in medical education and practice.

What does the term 'Holistic Medicine' refer to?

An approach to health care that considers the whole person, including physical, mental, and social factors.

What advancements occurred in surgery during the 20th century?

The introduction of minimally invasive techniques, and improved anesthesia and surgical instruments led to safer surgeries.

What was the impact of the NHS (National Health Service) in 1948?

It established a publicly funded health care system in the UK, providing free medical care to all citizens.

How has technology influenced modern medicine?

Technological advancements have led to improved diagnostic tools, treatment methods, and increased accessibility to health care information.

What is genomics and its relevance to medicine?

The study of genomes which has paved the way for personalized medicine tailored to individual genetic profiles.

Who was Thomas Sydenham?

An English physician who is often referred to as the 'English Hippocrates' for his systematic approach to diagnosing diseases.

What is the significance of public health campaigns?

They aim to educate the public on health issues and promote practices that prevent diseases.

What role did the internet play in modern medicine?

It has allowed for better communication, information sharing, and telemedicine, transforming patient care.

What is the importance of medical ethics?

It guides the practice of medicine, ensuring that patients are treated with respect, dignity, and autonomy.

Fill in the blank: The ________ theory proposed that diseases were caused by an imbalance of the Four Humors.

Galen's

Fill in the blank: The ________ was a devastating pandemic that influenced medical practices in the 14th century.

Black Death

Fill in the blank: ________ is known as the 'Father of Medicine' for his contributions to medical ethics and practice.

Hippocrates

Fill in the blank: The introduction of ________ revolutionized surgical procedures in the 19th century by reducing pain and risk of infection.

anesthesia

Fill in the blank: During the Middle Ages, most medical knowledge was preserved by the ________ Church.

Catholic

Fill in the blank: The ________ Pledge was a commitment by nurses to ethical practice inspired by Florence Nightingale.

Nightingale

Fill in the blank: The discovery of ________ in 1928 marked a breakthrough in treating bacterial infections.

penicillin

Fill in the blank: ________ medicine involves various alternative treatments like acupuncture and herbal remedies.

Complementary

Fill in the blank: The founding of the ________ in 1948 established a publicly funded health care system in the UK.

NHS

Fill in the blank: Advances in ________ have led to personalized treatments based on individual genetic differences.

genomics

What was the belief about illness in ancient societies?

Illness was often believed to be caused by supernatural forces or punishment from gods.

What surgical advancements were seen in the Renaissance?

Surgeons began to use more precise instruments and techniques, moving away from traditional practices.

What did Florence Nightingale contribute to nursing?

She established modern nursing practices and emphasized hygiene and patient care.

How did the Enlightenment impact medicine?

It encouraged a more scientific approach to medicine, emphasizing rational thought and observation.

What was the role of the Barber Surgeons in history?

They provided surgical procedures and dental care, often blending practices of art and science.

What did the discovery of anesthesia enable?

It allowed for pain-free surgeries, which enhanced surgical procedures significantly.

What is the significance of the Health and Morals of Apprentices Act (1802)?

It aimed to improve working conditions and health standards for young workers in factories.

Who was Robert Koch and what did he do?

He was a microbiologist known for his role in identifying the causes of infectious diseases.

What advancements were made in vaccinations during the 19th century?

The development of vaccines for diseases such as rabies and anthrax increased public health.

What role did clinical trials play in modern medicine?

They assess the effectiveness and safety of new treatments and medications.

What is the significance of the Declaration of Geneva?

It outlines a physician's ethical responsibilities and commitment to humanity.

How did the establishment of the NHS transform healthcare?

It provided free healthcare services to all citizens, ensuring access to medical treatment.

What impact did television have on public health campaigns?

It allowed for broader outreach and awareness of health issues to a wider audience.

What is the purpose of medical research ethics?

To ensure that studies are conducted ethically, protecting participants' rights and welfare.

How did social media influence health information?

It enables rapid dissemination of information, but also spreads misinformation.