Day 6 - Biosynthesis and Storage of Fatty Acids

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23 Terms

1
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Lipogenesis is under _______ control.

transcriptional

"this is the main take away from this slide" - Dr. Breakwell

<p>transcriptional</p><p>"this is the main take away from this slide" - Dr. Breakwell</p>
2
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When insulin is high, which is blocked, lipogenesis or ketogenesis?

ketogenesis

<p>ketogenesis</p>
3
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What moves acetyl-CoA from the matrix to the cytoplasm for fatty acid synthesis?

malate shuttle

<p>malate shuttle</p>
4
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What are the 2 major enzymes for fatty acid synthesis?

acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase

<p>acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase</p>
5
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What enzyme aids in the formation of malonyl-CoA during fatty acid synthesis?

acetyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)

<p>acetyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)</p>
6
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What enzyme aids in the elongation of fatty acid chain in 2-carbon increments during fatty acid synthesis?

fatty acid synthase

<p>fatty acid synthase</p>
7
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Lipogenesis is used to describe both _____ synthesis and _____ synthesis.

fatty acid

TAG

<p>fatty acid</p><p>TAG</p>
8
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What is the step that is both rate-limiting and commits the cell to fatty acid synthase? (for sure on test)

ACC1

<p>ACC1</p>
9
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State where these enzymes occur and what they do:

1. ACC1:

2. ACC2:

1. cytoplasm, fatty acid synthesis

2. mitochondria, fatty acid oxidation

<p>1. cytoplasm, fatty acid synthesis</p><p>2. mitochondria, fatty acid oxidation</p>
10
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If citrate is high, energy storage is _______. If palmitoyl-COA is high, synthesis of FA is _______.

desirable

low

<p>desirable</p><p>low</p>
11
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What 2 things does FA synthase include?

- acyl carrier protein (ACP)

- pantetheine group

<p>- acyl carrier protein (ACP)</p><p>- pantetheine group</p>
12
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Thioesters releases ______ carbon fatty acids.

16

Note: has to go through the cycle 6 times to achieve these 16 carbs

<p>16</p><p>Note: has to go through the cycle 6 times to achieve these 16 carbs</p>
13
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Do FA elongation and desaturation require and additional set of enzymes?

yes

<p>yes</p>
14
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What is released by FA synthase that is a substrate for the synthesis of longer chain fatty acids?

palmitate

<p>palmitate</p>
15
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What does fatty acid chain elongation depend on?

the addition of 2 carbon units from malonoyl-CoA.

<p>the addition of 2 carbon units from malonoyl-CoA.</p>
16
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______ and ______ acids are considered ESSENTIAL.

linolenic

linoelic

<p>linolenic</p><p>linoelic</p>
17
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What are FAs stored as?

TAG

<p>TAG</p>
18
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What hormone is the key to lipid catabolism vs anabolism?

insulin

<p>insulin</p>
19
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Does insulin activate or inhibit ACC?

activate

<p>activate</p>
20
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When ACC is active, does lipogenesis or lipolysis occur?

lipogenesis (remember, insulin activates ACC)

<p>lipogenesis (remember, insulin activates ACC)</p>
21
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When ACC is inhibited, does lipogenesis or lipolysis occur?

lipolysis (remember, insulin activates ACC, glucagon inhibits)

<p>lipolysis (remember, insulin activates ACC, glucagon inhibits)</p>
22
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When insulin is high, does lipogenesis or lipolysis occur?

lipogenesis

<p>lipogenesis</p>
23
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When insulin is low, does lipogenesis or lipolysis occur?

lipolysis

<p>lipolysis</p>