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Lipogenesis is under _______ control.
transcriptional
"this is the main take away from this slide" - Dr. Breakwell
When insulin is high, which is blocked, lipogenesis or ketogenesis?
ketogenesis
What moves acetyl-CoA from the matrix to the cytoplasm for fatty acid synthesis?
malate shuttle
What are the 2 major enzymes for fatty acid synthesis?
acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase
What enzyme aids in the formation of malonyl-CoA during fatty acid synthesis?
acetyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)
What enzyme aids in the elongation of fatty acid chain in 2-carbon increments during fatty acid synthesis?
fatty acid synthase
Lipogenesis is used to describe both _____ synthesis and _____ synthesis.
fatty acid
TAG
What is the step that is both rate-limiting and commits the cell to fatty acid synthase? (for sure on test)
ACC1
State where these enzymes occur and what they do:
1. ACC1:
2. ACC2:
1. cytoplasm, fatty acid synthesis
2. mitochondria, fatty acid oxidation
If citrate is high, energy storage is _______. If palmitoyl-COA is high, synthesis of FA is _______.
desirable
low
What 2 things does FA synthase include?
- acyl carrier protein (ACP)
- pantetheine group
Thioesters releases ______ carbon fatty acids.
16
Note: has to go through the cycle 6 times to achieve these 16 carbs
Do FA elongation and desaturation require and additional set of enzymes?
yes
What is released by FA synthase that is a substrate for the synthesis of longer chain fatty acids?
palmitate
What does fatty acid chain elongation depend on?
the addition of 2 carbon units from malonoyl-CoA.
______ and ______ acids are considered ESSENTIAL.
linolenic
linoelic
What are FAs stored as?
TAG
What hormone is the key to lipid catabolism vs anabolism?
insulin
Does insulin activate or inhibit ACC?
activate
When ACC is active, does lipogenesis or lipolysis occur?
lipogenesis (remember, insulin activates ACC)
When ACC is inhibited, does lipogenesis or lipolysis occur?
lipolysis (remember, insulin activates ACC, glucagon inhibits)
When insulin is high, does lipogenesis or lipolysis occur?
lipogenesis
When insulin is low, does lipogenesis or lipolysis occur?
lipolysis