HMI104 - Hip, gluteal region and thigh

What are the three thigh compartments?

Anterior, medial and posterior

What are the functions of the three thigh compartments

Anterior: Acts primarily on knees (quadriceps)

Medial: acts mainly on hips (adductors)

Posterior: acts on hip and knee (hamstrings)

What is the function of the first group (superficial) gluteal region?

Extend and abduct hips

What is the function of the second group (deep) gluteal region?

Lateral rotation of hips

Why do we have lower limbs?

To support our body weight for minimal expenditure of energy, support body weight and move efficiently

What is the function of having the hip joint be a ball and socket joint?

• Ball and socket because it can move in 3 different planes

• All three planes of motion are effective for walking and running with miniimal energy expenditure

• This mean it helps to extend and flex better, and also cover more distance when walking

Purpose of linea terminalis?

To divide the true pelvis from the false pelvis

Purpose of greater trochanter?

Attachment of hip abductor muscles

Purpose of lesser trochanter?

Attachment site for hip flexor muscles, specifically the iliopsoas.

Function of a long femoral neck?

To provide better range of motion

Function of the synovial membrane

Function for secreting synovial fluid which lubricates the joint, which then greatly improves movement, as well as provides nutrition to the cartilage

Function of the acetabular labrum?

Functions for more coverage of the femoral head and more stability

Function of the ligament to the head of the femur

It's function is to support the passage of some very small vessels which are branches from the obturator artery, which is the artery to the head of the femur

What ligaments restrict hip extension?

Iliofemoral ligament, pubofemoral ligament, ischiofemoral ligament.

Why do they restrict hip extension?

Minimizes energy expenditure on the muscular system

What nerve supplies the anterior (quadricep) compartment?

Femoral nerve

What nerve supplies the posterior (hamstring) compartment?

Sciatic nerve

What nerve supplies the medial compartment?

Obturator nerve

What is the purpose of the sartorius attaching to the ASIS?

It will try to protect vascular structures, mainly the superficial femoral artery

• usually for avulsion fractures

Why does the abductor magnus have a little canal?

The canal is important because it is the transition point between the superficial femoral artery, which is is anterior and goes through the canal and exits posteriorly into the popliteal fossa to then become the popliteal artery

Purpose of common iliac artery?

Supplies lower limb and pelvis

Purpose of internal iliac

Supplies the pelvis and gluteal region

Purpose of external iliac

Supplies the thigh, lower limb and branches to the foot

What are the pros of the arteries being pinned down by fibrous capsules

Protection

What are the cons of the arteries being pinned down by fibrous capsules

If there was a fracture through the neck, they are going to be damaged, leading to the risk of avascular necrosis to the head of the femur.