BSC2086L Quiz 1

The digestive system's two anatomical subdivisions

1. the digestive tract
2. the accessory organs

The digestive tract is a _____ extending from mouth to anus

muscular tube

The digestive tract includes the

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine

The accessory organs include the

teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

The pyloric valve/sphincter regulates the passage of _____ into the _____.

1. chyme (stomach contents)
2. duodenum

The lower esophageal sphincter regulates the passage of _____ from the _____ into the _____.

1. food
2. esophagus
3. stomach

The small intestine includes the _____.

duodenum (start), jejunum, and ileum (end).

The large intestine consists of four regions:

the cecum (start), colon (ascending, transverse, & descending), rectum, and anal canal (end).

Tensing of the teniae coli, _____ of the muscularis externa, causes the colon's wall to form _____ called haustra.

1. the ribbon-like longitudinal strips of smooth muscle
2. pouch-like outpocketings

The _____ hangs like a fatty apron from the greater curvature of the stomach.

greater omentum

The _____ is unattached at its inferior border, and can be lifted to reveal the small intestine.

greater omentum

The _____ extends from the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver.

lesser omentum

The liver's only contribution to digestion is the _____.

secretion of bile

Bile is stored in the _____.

gallbladder

The fusion of the cystic duct from the _____ and the hepatic duct from the _____ forms the _____, which travels in the lesser omentum.

1. gallbladder
2. liver
3. common bile duct

There are three pairs of extrinsic salivary glands:

1. parotid glands
2. submandibular glands
3. sublingual glands

Extrinsic salivary glands are located outside of the _____ but communicate with the _____ via ducts

1. oral mucosa
2. oral cavity

The parotid glands lie

anterior to the ear

The submandibular glands lie

along the medial aspect of the mandible.

The sublingual glands lie

in the floor of the mouth, under the tongue.

The portion of a tooth above the gingiva is the _____ and the portion below the gingiva is the _____.

1. crown
2. root

Most of a tooth consists of a hard yellowish tissue called _____, covered by _____ in the crown and _____ in the root.

1. dentin
2. enamel
3. cementum

Living connective tissues

Dentin and cementum

Not living connective tissues

enamel

The mesoduodenum anchors the _____ to the _____.

1. duodenum
2. dorsal body wall

The mesentery proper anchors the _____ to the _____.

1. jejunum and ileum
2. dorsal body wall

The _____ anchors the majority of the colon to the dorsal body wall.

mesocolon

The _____ anchors the rectum to the dorsal body wall.

mesorectum

The pharynx is a muscular funnel that connects the _____ to the esophagus and the _____ to the larynx.

1. oral cavity
2. nasal cavity

The _____ is a point where the digestive and respiratory tracts intersect.

pharynx

The pharynx is three parts from superior to inferior are the _____, _____, and _____.

1. nasopharynx
2. oropharynx
3. laryngopharynx.

The heart wall, composed primarily of cardiac muscle, is called the _____.

myocardium

The _____ lines the inside of the heart (chambers and valves) and is continuous with the _____ of the blood vessels.

1. endocardium
2. endothelium

The _____ (visceral pericardium) forms the outer surface of the heart.

epicardium

The thick wall separating the two atria is called the _____, while the thicker wall separating the two ventricles is called the _____.

1. interatrial septum
2. interventricular septum

Blood from three vessels (veins) empty into the _____.

right atrium

The three vessels (veins) are the _____, _____, and the _____.

1. superior vena cava
2. inferior vena cava
3. coronary sinus

Blood flows from the right atrium into the right ventricle through the _____.

right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve

Blood flows from the left atrium into the left ventricle through the _____.

left atrioventricular (bicuspid, mitral) valve

The pulmonary valve controls the opening from the _____ into the _____.

1. right ventricle
2. pulmonary trunk

The aortic valve controls the opening from the _____ into the _____.

1. left ventricle
2. aorta

The valves are just soft flaps of _____ and do not open or close by any muscular effort of their own.

connective tissue

Blood vessels draining into or leaving the right side of the heart carry _____.

de-oxygenated (oxygen-poor) blood.

Blood vessels draining into or leaving the left side of the heart carry _____.

oxygenated (oxygen-rich) blood

major vessels draining into and leaving the heart.

aorta, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary arteries, coronary veins

The walls of arteries and veins consist of three layers or tunics. From innermost to outermost:

1. tunica interna (intima)
2. tunica media
3. tunica externa (adventitia)

The layer exposed to the blood and consists of a simple squamous epithelium:

tunica interna (intima)

Usually the thickest layer and consists of
smooth muscle, collagen fibers, and elastic tissue:

tunica media

The layer composed of loose connective tissue.

tunica externa (adventitia)

The right side of the heart supplies the _____.

pulmonary circuit

The left side of the heart supplies the _____.

systemic circuit

The left ventricle bears the greatest workload of all four chambers because it has to _____.

pump blood throughout the entire body

The _____ pump blood only into the ventricles immediately below, and the _____ only pumps blood to the lungs and back.

1. atria
2. right ventricle

The _____ reside in grooves or sulci on the surface of the heart.

coronary arteries

The three main sulci are the _____ sulcus, ____ sulcus, and the ____ sulcus.

1. coronary
2. anterior interventricular
3. posterior interventricular

Three large arteries branch off of the _____ to supply the _____ with _____ blood.

1. aortic arch
2. upper body
3. oxygenated

Three large arteries branch off of the aortic arch are the _____, the ____, and the ____.

1. brachiocephalic artery
2. left common carotid artery
3. left subclavian artery

The tendinous cords attach the ____ to the _____ on the floor of each ventricle.

1. AV valves
2. papillary muscles

The _____ keep the AV valves from turning inside out (prolapsing into the atria) when the ventricles contract

tendinous cords