17 and 18

All of these are theories that have been offered to explain how public policy is made EXCEPT…

libertarian theory

Problem Recognition

is the first stage of the policy-making process

___ is altering existing policies or creating new proposals in an issue area already addressed

Routine formulation

Health care policy in the United States began first at the _____ to deal with the sick and disabled seamen

national level

Most health care policies are implemented by

administrative agencies

Medicaid was designed to provide health care

for the poor

The National Defense and Education Act was a policy designed to

emphasize math and science in schools in an ultimate effort to fight communism

The Department of Education was established during the administration of President

Jimmy Carter

Which of the following is NOT a pillar of the No Child Left Behind Act

Empowering parents to continue education at home

In 1973, the members of the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries

announced an embargo to nations that supported Israel

The Environmental Protection Agency was created by President…

Richard M. Nixon

The decrease of federal involvement in environmental policy has led to

states taking the lead in formulating and implementing policy

In 2009, Americans spent about ___ times more per capita on health care than they did in 1970

20

Why is the cost of health care an increasing problem for governments?

As a result of recent reforms, the federal government will eventually have to pay for the skyrocketing health care costs

In an effort to protect the environment, many states have been at the forefront of regulating energy consumption and emissions. For example, in Maine, a recent law

granted a substantial tax rebate to homeowners who use the sun to power their homes.

The U.S. economic system is a

mixed free enterprise system

The Great Depression began in

1929

During the 1960s and the 1970s, most regulatory programs enacted by the national government fell into the category of ____ regulation

social

Which president signed legislation that deregulated commercial airlines, railroads, motor carriers, and financial institutions?

Jimmy Carter

The deliberate use of taxing and spending policies to improve the country’s economic prospects is called

fiscal policy

The ____ allowed the federal government to impose an income tax on American citizens.

Sixteenth Amendment

Which of the following countries owns the greatest percentage of American debt?

China

_____ handles much of the day-to-day management of monetary policy

The Federal Reserve System

Studying rankings provided by the ___ is one way to evaluate how hospitable a country is to business.

Economic Freedom of the World Index

Social Security was created in the

1930s

The earned income tax credit program does all of the following EXCEPT

help the unemployed

How are supplemental nutrition benefits distributed to citizens?

An electronic debit program.

The modified version of the George W. Bush administration’s initial ballout plan passed by Congress in 2008 was called the…

Emergency Economic Stability Act

Which of the following describes the purpose of www.recovery.gov?

A site planned by the government to educate citizens on where and how their stimulus funds are being spent

Education spending received apporximately ___ percent of the total Recovery Act Funds

10

The U.S. often avoided participation in foreign affairs through a foreign policy of…

isolationism

The U.S. capitol and White House were burned during the

War of 1812

Taxes on imports used to raise government revenue and to protect infant industries are

tariffs