Political Psychology Test #1

social desirability bias:

motivated to give a desirable answer

cognition v. heurisitcs (3)

cognition: processive thinking, emotion: immediate feeling

rational:

consistent thinking ab the world and valuation of possible outcomes

rational choice:

making decision to get the best outcomes given our valuation and thinking about the world

heuristics:

mental shortcuts for processing info that possibly subjects us to irrationality

what do heuristics rely on?

immediate examples that come to mind when evaluating a topic or decision

availability heuristic & an example:

shortcut where one judges the likelihood of an event acc to how easily examples come to mind

framing effect:

bias when one reacts diff to something depending on whether its presented as positive or negative

Order Effect example:

if you see it first you like it more (Barack v. McCain)

finish the sentence: “framing effects and order effects are important in scientific study _____”

framing and order effects are important in the study of polling

reward center in the brain":

motivates decision making and mediates learning process

whats true about our emotions/emotional state?

the way we form judgment appears mediate by our emotional state, some say we make better decisions bc of the role emotions play

what does this question “Is it better to think systematically or better to go with your gut?” DEPEND on??

what kind of decisions

hot v. cold state:

heightened emotional response; cold state: homeostasis, chill

hot-cold empathy gap:

in cold state, difficult to imagine what it would feel like to be in a hot state

intertemporal choice:

in hot state, one can weigh the immediate present more strongly than the future

fairness and bargaining:

in hot state, one forms diff judgments and behaves more aggressively when bargaining

risk behavior:

in hot state, one makes diff tradeoffs between risks and rewards

hot cognition hypothesis:

all social-poli concepts are tagged with a happy or sad emoji, more unlikely for one to process new info unbiased

motivated reasoning:

one tends to seek arguments you tag as happy and oppose otherwise

lodge and taber:

emotion responses are seen as automatic in a way that evaluative judgments arent

how can one study emotions and cognition

response times to stimuli (primed to political words and target words)

whats important about mass publics?

they don’t have belief systems bc their poli ides are unconstrained

belief system

combo of ideas and attitudes where the elements are bound by

what do we rely on instead of doing research on our beliefs?

heuristics

halo effect:

cognitive bias where an initial and positive impression unconsciously influences one’s future judgement

affective intelligence theory:

emotions seen as responses to significance that circumstances hold for a person (aids rational decision making)

what does affective intelligence theory categorizes emotional responses to?

disposition and surveillance systems

disposition system:

things are going well, sticking with alligences

surveillance system:

fear or anxiety can break one out of their routine

enthusiasm:

causes one to take action on behalf of a candidate, limited openness to contradictory info

anxiety:

looking for new info that will cause you to switch sides if youre anxious about a candidate

what were researchers looking for in the Brader reading:

whether ads can affect participation and desire for info by using enthusiasm and anxiety emotional ques

what were the researchers predictions in Brader?

enthusiasm music positive effect on participation, negative for searching info. anxiety had no clear answer participation but positive effect on seeking info

motivated reasoning:

you like one party and soon as you get a party cue

groupthink"":

groups are cohesive and insulated, group loyalty and conformity pressures can lead to bad decisions