Male and Female Reproductive System Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards for the male and female reproductive systems.

Primary sex organs (male)

Testes

Primary sex organs (female)

Ovaries

Function of primary sex organs

Produce gametes and secrete sex hormones (testosterone, estrogen, progesterone)

Testes

Site of spermatogenesis and testosterone production

Seminiferous tubules

Contain spermatogenic and Sertoli cells

Leydig cells

Secrete testosterone

Spermatogenesis

Sequence: Spermatogonia -> Primary spermatocyte -> Secondary spermatocyte -> Spermatid -> Spermatozoa; Requires FSH and testosterone, takes ~64-72 days

GnRH in males

Stimulates FSH (stimulates Sertoli cells) and LH (stimulates Leydig cells -> testosterone)

Ovaries

Female primary sex organ

Fallopian tube parts

Fimbriae, ampulla, isthmus

Ovarian follicles

Range from primordial to Graafian

Corpus luteum

Produces progesterone and estrogen

Endometrium layers

Functional and basal layers

Oogenesis

Begins prenatally, arrested in prophase I; Each cycle: Meiosis I -> Secondary oocyte (arrested in metaphase II until fertilization)

GnRH in females

Stimulates FSH (follicle development) and LH (ovulation)

Estrogen

Causes Endometrial growth

Progesterone

Maintains endometrium

Menstrual Cycle phases

Menstrual (1-5): Shedding; Proliferative (6-14): Estrogen driven; Ovulation (~14): LH surge; Secretory (15-28): Progesterone dominates

Fertilization location

Occurs in fallopian tube (ampulla)

Fertilization sequence

Acrosomal reaction -> fertilization -> zygote -> morula -> blastocyst -> implantation

Male puberty changes

Testosterone -> Facial hair, voice deepening, muscle development

Female puberty changes

Estrogen -> Breast development, pelvic widening

PCOS

Hormonal imbalance, ovarian cysts

Endometriosis

Ectopic endometrial tissue

Erectile dysfunction

Blood flow or nerve supply issue

Ectopic pregnancy

Implantation outside the uterus