Virtue Ethics part 2

Questioning Morality

Socrates, through his discussions, challenges the idea that what is good or moral can be easily defined. He asks whether something is good just because the gods say it is, or if the gods say it's good because it really is good. This leads to deeper thinking about whether there is an absolute right and wrong or if it's just based on opinion.

Socrates

He challenges the idea that what is good or moral can be easily defined. He asks whether something is good just because the gods say it is, or if the gods say it's good because it really is good. This leads to deeper thinking about whether there is an absolute right and wrong or if it's just based on opinion.

Theory of Perfect Ideas

Plato believed that there are perfect, unchanging versions of everything, which he called "Forms." These Forms are like the perfect idea of things, such as a perfect circle or perfect goodness. They exist beyond what we can see in the physical world.

Plato

He believed that there are perfect, unchanging versions of everything, which he called "Forms."

Forms

Plato believed that there are perfect, unchanging versions of everything, which he called "________"

Forms

These _______ are like the perfect idea of things, such as a perfect circle or perfect goodness. They exist beyond what we can see in the physical world.

Moral Knowledge and Action

Plato thought that to do the right thing, we need to understand these perfect Forms, especially the Form of Goodness. If we truly know what is good, we are more likely to do good things. If we don't understand what is truly good, we might end up doing bad things without realizing it.

Plato

_______ thought that to do the right thing, we need to understand these perfect Forms, especially the Form of Goodness. If we truly know what is good, we are more likely to do good things. If we don't understand what is truly good, we might end up doing bad things without realizing it.

Form of Goodness

In Moral Knowledge and Action. Plato thought that to do the right thing, we need to understand these perfect Forms, especially the __________________. If we truly know what is good, we are more likely to do good things. If we don't understand what is truly good, we might end up doing bad things without realizing it.

Aristotle

He was an ancient Greek philosopher and polymath who lived from 384 BC - 322 BC.

Aristotle.

His influence on logic continued well into the 19th century and his ethics, although always influential, gained renewed interest with the modern advent of virtue ethics.

Telos

________ is a Greek word that means "is an end" or "purpose". Aristotle believes that the essential nature of beings, including humans are not at their beginning but at their end.

is an end, purpose

Telos is a Greek word that means "______________" or "________________". Aristotle believes that the essential nature of beings, including humans are not at their beginning but at their telos(end)

Aristotle’

Telos is a Greek word that means "is an end" or "purpose". ____________ believes that the essential nature of beings, including humans are not at their beginning but at their telos(end)

Aristotle

He does not agree with Plato's belief in a separate realm of Forms, he instead argues that the essence of human being is rationality and a life of contemplation or Philosophy is the best kind of life for true human flourishing.

Plato's belief

Aristotle does not agree with _____________ in a separate realm of Forms, he instead argues that the essence of human being is rationality and a life of contemplation or Philosophy is the best kind of life for true human flourishing.

rationality and a life of contemplation

Aristotle does not agree with Plato's belief in a separate realm of Forms, he instead argues that the essence of human being is _______________________________________ or Philosophy is the best kind of life for true human flourishing.

Philosophy

Aristotle does not agree with Plato's belief in a separate realm of Forms, he instead argues that the essence of human being is rationality and a life of contemplation or __________ is the best kind of life for true human flourishing.

Philosophy

_________ is the best kind of life for true human flourishing.

Aristotle

____________ says all humans seek happiness but in different ways. True happiness is tied to the purpose or end of human life. The essence of humans is reason because it is employed in achieving happiness leads to moral virtues and intellectual virtues.

seek happiness but in different ways

Aristotle says all humans _______________________. True happiness is tied to the purpose or end of human life. The essence of humans is reason because it is employed in achieving happiness leads to moral virtues and intellectual virtues.

True happiness

Aristotle says all humans seek happiness but in different ways. _______________ is tied to the purpose or end of human life. The essence of humans is reason because it is employed in achieving happiness leads to moral virtues and intellectual virtues.

essence of humans

•Aristotle says all humans seek happiness but in different ways. True happiness is tied to the purpose or end of human life. The _____________________ is reason because it is employed in achieving happiness leads to moral virtues and intellectual virtues.

Aristotle

_____________ believes that the ultimate human goal is self-realization or the awareness of our nature and the development of our potential is the key to human happiness

Aristotle;

He believes that the ultimate human goal is self-realization or the awareness of our nature and the development of our potential is the key to human happiness

self-realization

Aristotle believes that the ultimate human goal is ____________ or the awareness of our nature and the development of our potential is the key to human happiness

key to human happiness

Aristotle believes that the ultimate human goal is self-realization or the awareness of our nature and the development of our potential is the _____________________

summum bonum

Aristotle also considers happiness as the ___________________ means the greatest good of all human life. It is the only intrinsic good, the good that is pursued for its own sake.

the greatest good of all human life

summum bonum means?

human flourishing

Aristotle's idea of happiness can also be understood in the sense of _______________ which is attained by the habitual practice of moral and intellectual excellence, or 'virtues.

Aristotle/

For ____________, moral virtue is the only practical road to effective action. The virtuous person who has good character, sees truly, judges rightly, and acts morally.

moral virtue

•For Aristotle, _____________ is the only practical road to effective action. The virtuous person who has good character, sees truly, judges rightly, and acts morally.

good character, sees truly, judges rightly, and acts morally

For Aristotle, moral virtue is the only practical road to effective action. The virtuous person who has ______________________________________

Virtues of Intellect, Moral Virtue

What are the Two kinds of Virtue according to Aristotle?

virtues of intellect

Aristotle distinguishes two kinds of virtue: ______________ which correspond to the fully rational part of the soul and the second one is the moral virtue which is the part of the rational soul which can obey reason. Moral virtue is the golden mean between the two.

Moral virtue

Aristotle distinguishes two kinds of virtue: virtues of intellect which correspond to the fully rational part of the soul and the second one is the _________________ which is the part of the rational soul which can obey reason. Moral virtue is the golden mean between the two.

Moral virtue

Aristotle distinguishes two kinds of virtue: virtues of intellect which correspond to the fully rational part of the soul and the second one is the moral virtue which is the part of the rational soul which can obey reason. ________________ is the golden mean between the two.

Happiness and its opposite

________________________ play a role in the determination of the golden mean, since we tend to do actions that bring delight and avoid actions that bring agony

Courage, Prudence, Temperance, Justice

What are the 4 basic Moral Virtues by Aristotle?

Courage

The golden mean between cowardice and tactless rashness.

Temperance

The mean between gluttony and extreme frugality.

Justice

the virtue of giving others right what they deserve, neither more nor less.

Prudence

It helps us to know what is reasonable in various circumstances, enabling us to keep away from excess and defects.

adultery, theft, murder

Aristotle nonetheless admits that some actions, such as ________________________________, do not admit of a mean and are always wrong.

Aristotle

____________ teaches us about an intellectual virtue that plays a significant role in Ethics.

Phronesis

It is the intellectual virtue of practical wisdom, is a knowledge of the appropriate way to respond, feel, and act in a particular situation.

practice, training, or cultivation

To be virtuous is to act in accordance with the right prescription; this should be understood in terms of _____________________