LIQUID AT REST

Hydrostatic Pressure

Pressure at a depth in a liquid increases with depth due to the weight of the liquid above.

Hydrostatic Pressure Formula

P = ρgh, where P is the pressure, ρ is the density of the liquid, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height of the liquid column above the point.

Pascal's Principle

A change in pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished throughout the fluid.

Application of Pascal's Principle

Used in hydraulic systems where force can be amplified using higher pressure.

Archimedes' Principle

Any object, wholly or partially submerged in a fluid, experiences a buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces.

Implication of Archimedes' Principle

Essential for understanding buoyancy and flotation.

Surface Tension

Cohesive forces at the surface of a liquid, causing it to behave as if covered by an elastic membrane.

Applications of Surface Tension

Significant in phenomena like the formation of droplets and bubbles.