Structure and function of steroids

Steroid Structure

Steroids have a core structure of four fused rings (steroid nucleus) with a hydrocarbon tail or functional groups. Functional groups like hydroxyl (OH), carbonyl (C=O), and double bonds may be attached.

Cholesterol

Cholesterol is the most common steroid in the body, crucial for cell membrane structure and a precursor for other steroids.

Cholesterol's Role

Cholesterol provides stability and fluidity to cell membranes and is used to produce steroid hormones, bile acids, and vitamin D.

Steroid Hormones

Steroid hormones, derived from cholesterol, regulate functions such as metabolism, immune response, reproduction, and stress.

Glucocorticoids

Glucocorticoids like cortisol regulate metabolism, immune response, and stress adaptation.

Mineralocorticoids

Mineralocorticoids like aldosterone regulate salt and water balance, influencing blood pressure.

Sex Hormones

Sex hormones such as estrogen, testosterone, and progesterone are steroid hormones

Bile Acids

Bile acids, derived from cholesterol, aid in fat digestion and absorption by emulsifying fats.

Vitamin D Synthesis

Cholesterol derivatives help synthesize vitamin D in the skin under UV light, essential for calcium absorption and bone health.

Cell Membrane Structure

Cholesterol is a key component of the cell membrane, providing structural integrity and regulating membrane fluidity.

Nervous System Function

Cholesterol is necessary for the formation of myelin, the insulating sheath around nerves, supporting proper nervous system function