unit 6.1: pandemic & natural disaster preparedness

Pandemic

* an epidemic occurring **worldwide, or over a very wide area**, crossing international boundaries and usually affecting a large number of people
* said to occur annually in each of the temperate southern and northern hemispheres,

NO. It is **endemic** in most areas.

Is the seasonal flu considered a pandemic?

Preventing **entry** of the virus into the country

### Philippine Framework for Pandemic Preparedness

preventing the __entry of poultry__ from affected countries and of patients infected with AI

Preventing **bird-to-bird** transmissions

### Philippine Framework for Pandemic Preparedness

__isolating local fowl from migratory birds__, and by containing AI infections in bird populations through measures such as isolation and culling within a three-kilometer radius of an infected area

Preventing **bird-to-human** transmission

### Philippine Framework for Pandemic Preparedness

ensuring that f__arm workers wear protecting equipment__ when handling infected birds

Managing **avian and pandemic influenza cases**

### Philippine Framework for Pandemic Preparedness

to __prevent explosive spread__ through measures such as the use of antivirals, employing infection control measures and quarantine

**Slowing down the spread** of the virus among humans

### Philippine Framework for Pandemic Preparedness

quarantine, border controls and personal hygiene

Managing **explosive** spread

### Philippine Framework for Pandemic Preparedness

social distancing and maintenance of essential services

Managing **public anxiety**

### Philippine Framework for Pandemic Preparedness

making judicious use of the __mass media to prevent panic and educate the populace__

Mitigating **socio-economic** impacts

### Philippine Framework for Pandemic Preparedness

employing multi-sectoral actions and implementing corollary policies

reporting and decision-making system

The pandemic preparedness structure can be described in terms of its ___

BHERT → RHU → MHO → PHO → National Level

Chain of command/Case reporting

“enhanced community quarantine”

### Country Policy Responses

May 12, President Duterte announced the extension of the ___ in Metro Manila, Laguna, and Cebu City until the end of Ma

“Balik Probinsya, Bagong Pag-Asa” Program

### Country Policy Responses

an **executive order** institutionalizing it a l**ong-term preventive measure** aimed at __decongesting the country’s National Capital Region__, providing incentives for people to go back to their provinces of origin

Legislative bills

### Country Policy Responses

to finance infrastructure projects to create jobs particularly in the rural countryside

Bayanihan Act

### Country Policy Responses

**Republic Act 11469** to address the impacts of COVID-19 (PHP 27.1 billion fiscal package)

DOLE and DTI

### Protecting Workers

issued interim guidelines on **workplace prevention and control** of COVID-19

DOLE

### Protecting Workers

* COVID-19 prevention and control at the workplace
* encouraged enterprises to adopt **flexible work arrangements**

Department of Education (DepEd)

### Protecting Workers

guidelines for **alternative work arrangements**

Better epidemiological knowledge of the causes of death and types of injuries and illnesses

### Earthquake

* essential for determining **what relief supplies are appropriate and what equipment and personnel are needed** to respond effectively to such situations
* **improve preparedness and reduce vulnerability** to the effects of future earthquakes
* to scientifically **measure and describe their health effects and the factors** that contribute to these effects

Prevention and control efforts

### Earthquake: *Vulnerability*

* need to be **multidisciplinary** and should include **public education programmes**, as well as **better building design and improved quality of construction**

Medical preparedness plans

### Earthquake: *Planning Scenarios*

can be built around similar earthquake scenario calculations

**on-going programs**

* first aid education, basic rescue training and fire drills

### Earthquake: *Planning Scenarios*

communities vulnerable to earthquakes should establish ___ to teach the public what to do

### Earthquake: *Planning Scenarios*

* carried out jointly by volunteer groups, local fire brigades and hospitals
* o improve bystanders' responses

**PHIVOLCS** *under Department of Science and Technology (DOST)*

### Earthquake: *Planning Scenarios*

Main agency responsible for overseeing, monitoring, and response for earthquakes

1. **Plan**


1. Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Committee
2. community data gathering
3. community watching exercise
4. inventory of available resources
5. prepare for emergency supply kits
6. provisions for PWDs, elderlies and pregnants
2. **Develop an Earthquake Evacuation Plan**
3. **Conduct Orientation on Earthquake & Drills**

3 Steps in Preparing Community for an Earthquake

* make a plan
* plan a second option using available exits
* mark all possible exits

### Steps in Preparing Community for an Earthquake: *Earthquake Evacuation Plan*

For building

* open area
* consider number of residents
* set buffer zone from structure

### Steps in Preparing Community for an Earthquake: *Earthquake Evacuation Plan*

For Evacuation area

* take cover under a table
* watch out for falling objects
* keep calm

### Steps in Preparing Community for an Earthquake: *Orientation on Earthquake & Drills*

Inside

* move to an open space
* stay away from wires, buildings, etc
* move away from slopes

### Steps in Preparing Community for an Earthquake: *Orientation on Earthquake & Drills*

Outside

1. Alarm
2. Response
3. Evacuation
4. Assembly
5. Head Count
6. Assess Effects
7. Evaluation of Drill

Conduction of Earthquake Drill

**early rapid assessment** of the extent of damage and injuries

### Earthquake

necessary to help mobilize resources and direct them to where they are most need

search-and-rescue teams

### Early Rapid Assessment of Earthquake

respond rapidly after a building collapses.

disaster medicine

### Early Rapid Assessment of Earthquake

* medical care for victims of disaste
* immediate life-supporting first aid, advanced trauma life support, resuscitative surgery, field analgesia and anaesthesia, resuscitative engineering, and intensive care.

* upper airway obstruction
* inhalation injury
* correctable hypovolemia resulting from haemorrhage or burns

### Early Rapid Assessment of Earthquake

likely to benefit from early medical intervention

safe drinking water & sanitation facilities

> “If we are to prevent the spread of diarrhea and that of other water-borne disease, affected areas will need guaranteed access to ___”
>
> Justin Morgan

Response → Rehabilitation → Risk Assessment → Preparedness → Mitigation

### Fire Preparedness

Cycle (after a fire)

Ozone Disco Fire

### Fire Preparedness

March 18, 1996, leaving at least 1**62 people dead**

Manor Hotel Fire

### Fire Preparedness

August 18, 2001, with a **death toll of 74**

* Fuel
* Heat
* Oxygen

Fire Triangle

* Chemical
* Electrical

Triggers of Fire

Prevent **outbreak** of fire

### **Fire Prevention**

* Identify **source** of flammable chemicals and material
* Proper **storage**

Early Detection

### **Fire Prevention**

* Alarms
* shall be located within **61 meters travel distance from any point of the building**, to warn occupants

Prevent **spread** of fire

### **Fire Prevention**

* Use of **barriers** to limit the area of a fire or retard the spread of fire

Prompt Extinguishment

### **Fire Prevention**

* Blanketing or Smothering
* Cooling or quenching
* Removal of fuel
* Fire Extinguishers

Permanent or Built-in

### **Fire Prevention:** ***Extinguishment***

* Standpipe and hose
* Sprinkler system
* Automatic extinguishing system

Portable

### **Fire Prevention:** ***Extinguishment***

* Dry Chemical (**Red**)
* HCFC 123 (**Green**)
* Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) (**Blue**)

45 m

### **Fire Prevention Objectives:** ***Evacuation***

travel distance to exits if area is **without** sprinkler

60 m

### **Fire Prevention Objectives:** ***Evacuation***

travel distance to exits if area is **with** sprinkler

30m

### **Fire Prevention Objectives:** ***Evacuation***

**Signs** should be readily visible and placed within ___

1\.5 hour

### **Fire Prevention Objectives:** ***Evacuation***

Emergency **lights** should provide illumination for at least

**BLUE**: Health Hazard

### National Fire Protection Association


4. Deadly


3. Extreme Danger


2. Hazardous


1. Slightly Hazardous


0. Normal

**RED**: Fire Hazard

### National Fire Protection Association


4. Below 73ºF


3. Below 100ºF


2. Above 100ºF not exceeding 200ºF


1. Above 200ºF


0. Will not burn

**YELLOW**: Reactivity

### National Fire Protection Association


4. May Detonate


3. Shock & Heat; May detonate


2. Violent Chemical Change


1. Unstable if Heated


0. Stable

**WHITE**: Special Hazard

### National Fire Protection Association

* **ACID -** acid
* **ALK -** alkali
* **COR -** corrosive
* **OXY -** oxidizer
* **☢️ -** radioactive
* **W -** use no water

**Philippine Red Cross**

* Previously called PNRC, Philippine National Red Cross

* Non-government institution but has an international stature
* Responsible for **needs analysis, targeting, scenario planning and risk assessment**

Philippine Red Cross Act of 2010

**Republic Act 10072**

* Recognized PRC as an **independent, autonomous, non-governmental organization** to the authorities of the Republic of the Philippines **to the humanitarian field**