UNIT 4

state

area organized into a political unit rule by established government

sovereignty

ability of a state to govern its own territory free from control by other states

nations

group of people who have in common

•shared common cultural heritage

•unifying beliefs

•desire to self determination

nation-state

A singular nation of people who fit a state

ex- Iceland and Japan

stateless nations

multinational states

a country containing more than one nation

ex- Canada

multinational nations

autonomous region

A defined area in a state with a high-degree of self governance and freedom

SEMI-autonomous region

Political Boundaries

relic, superimposed, subsequent, antecendent, geometric, consequent

UNCLOS

Affects election results

voting districts, redistricting, gerrymandering

redistricting

gerrymandering

form of governance

unitary and federal

unitary government

federal government

devolutuon

supranationalism

Occurs when many countries form an organization → achieve greater benefits for all members

•promote trade / military alliance / combat environment

•give up some sovereignty

democratization

economies of scale

cost advantages creating economic activity on a large scale

• transnational corporations merge → less competition / larger businesses

•Horizontal / Vertical

Horizontal Integration

corporations that produce similar products/services merge

ex- 2016 abbot laboratories and St. Jude → access medical devices market

Vertical integration

corporations that are involved in different steps of production merge

Ex- Zara → owns manufacturing companies and retail chains (supply chain) → greater control → greater profits

supranational organizations

UN, NATO, EU, ASEAN, Artic Council and African Union

UN

United Nations

•After WW2 in 1945

•Takes on humanity issues like peace and security

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

•1949 US, Canada, Iceland, W/C Europe

•Mutual defense of member statesmanship

EU

European Union

•1993 28 members W/C Europe

•Political and economic integration of member states

NAFTA

North American Free Trade Agreement

•1994 United States, Canada, Mexico

•Free trade among members

Transnational corporations

conduct businesses on global scale

Autonomy

centripetal forces

a shared religion

external threats

a common language

centrifugal forces

tend to break apart states or prevent forming

“pull away from center”