AP Bio Ch.3 Nucleic Acids (49-56)

Nucleic acids store and _______ what kind of info?

transmit, heredity

The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is programmed by a _____

gene

Genes are made of ______ which is made of ____________

DNA, nucleotides

what is smaller unit is DNA made of?

nucleic acids

What is a gene

A segment of a DNA strand in a chromosome

• A DNA sequence in a chromosome contains many ______.

• Each ______ contains the code for making a specific __________.

• The __________ sequence of the gene is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA).

• The mRNA is translated into a sequence of _____________ to form a ___________.

• A DNA sequence in a chromosome contains many genes.

• Each gene contains the code for making a specific polypeptide.

• The nucleotide sequence of the gene is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA).

• The mRNA is translated into a sequence of amino acids to form a polypeptide.

Draw a nucleic acid

Each DNA has 3 parts. Explain each one.

• A phosphate group

• A deoxyribose sugar (a 5-carbon sugar)

• A nitrogenous base — one of the following:

  • Adenine (A)

  • Thymine (T)

  • Cytosine (C)

  • Guanine (G)

Each RNA has 3 parts. Explain each one.

1. ✅ A phosphate group

2. ✅ A ribose sugar (a 5-carbon sugar — not deoxyribose like in DNA)

3. ✅ A nitrogenous base — one of the following:

   • Adenine (A)

   • Uracil (U) ❗ (instead of Thymine in DNA)

   • Cytosine (C)

   • Guanine (G)

What are the differences between DNA and RNA

• Sugar: RNA uses ribose, DNA uses deoxyribose

• Base: RNA uses uracil (U) instead of thymine (T)

• Strands: RNA is usually single-stranded, DNA is double-stranded

What sugar does DNA use? What sugar does RNA use? What is the difference between them?

• RNA uses ribose

• DNA uses deoxyribose

Ribose has one more oxygen

Base: RNA uses ___ instead of _______

RNA uses uracil (U) instead of thymine (T)

DNA Bases

ATGC

RNA Bases

AUGC

DNA base pair rules

G-C

A-T

RNA base pair rules

A-U

G-C

T-A

How many strands are in DNA?

2

How many strands are in RNA?

1

DNA function

Stores genetic code for proteins

RNA function

builds proteins

In DNA, how do the two strands act?

They form a double helix and go antiparallel

Is ATP a nucleotide?

Yes

What is ATP used for

cell’s energy currency. (energy released when loses phosphate)

In DNA, adjacent nucleotides are covalently bonded. This creates the ______________.

Nucleotides form a covalent bond between

• ____ group on the 3′ carbon of one nucleotide

• The __________ on the 5′ carbon on the next.

OH group on the 3′ carbon of one nucleotide and the phosphate on the 5′ carbon on the next.

These links create a backbone of sugar-phosphate units with nitrogenous bases as appendages.

The nitrogenous bases act as ______________ kinda like a _________. The bases connect with _________ bonds.

Backbone, ladder, hydrogen

In the DNA double helix, the two strands called backbones run in opposite ___′ → __’ directions from each other

5 to 3