Memory and Information Processing

These flashcards cover key concepts related to memory processes discussed in the lecture, including techniques for memory recall, memory models, and factors influencing memory capacity.

Sperling's Whole Report Technique

Participants could recall an average of 4.5 out of 12 letters (38%).

Sperling's Partial Report Technique

Participants could recall 3.3 out of 4 letters (82%) when cued post-stimuli disappearance.

Sensory Memory

The initial stage of memory where sensory information is processed but decays rapidly.

Iconic Memory

Visual sensory memory that retains images for a fraction of a second.

Echoic Memory

Auditory sensory memory that lasts auditory information for a few seconds.

Haptic Memory

Tactile sensory memory that deals with touch-related information.

Atkinson-Shiffrin Model of Memory

A model proposing multiple stages of memory: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.

Short-Term Memory (STM)

A storage system that holds small amounts of information for a brief period, typically about 15-30 seconds.

Working Memory

An active processing system that allows for manipulation of information, more dynamic than short-term memory.

Digit Span Task

A common test to measure working memory capacity by recalling a series of numbers.

The Magical Number Seven

A theory by George A. Miller suggesting that the average number of objects an individual can hold in working memory is about seven.

Chunking

The process of combining small units of information into larger, more meaningful units to enhance memory retention.

Proactive Interference

When old memories interfere with the recall of new information.

Retroactive Interference

When new memories interfere with the recall of old information.

Long-Term Memory (LTM)

A stage of memory where information can be stored indefinitely; capacity is theoretically unlimited.

Rehearsal

The process of repeatedly practicing information to aid retention.

Maintenance Rehearsal

Repetition of information to keep it in working memory.

Elaborative Rehearsal

Linking new information with existing knowledge for better long-term retention.

Depth of Processing

The principle that information is better remembered when it is processed deeply and meaningfully.