Neurodevelopmental Disorders Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards for reviewing neurodevelopmental disorders.

NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS

Disorders that show themselves early in life and often persist as the person grows older.

ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER

A persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development.

SPECIFIC LEARNING DISORDER

A persistent difficulty learning keystone academic skills.

CHILDHOOD ONSET FLUENCY DISORDER

A disturbance in speech fluency that includes problems such as repeating syllables or words, prolonging sounds, making pauses, or substituting words.

LANGUAGE DISORDER

Limited speech in all situations.

SOCIAL (PRAGMATIC) COMMUNICATION DISORDER

Problems with the social aspects of verbal and nonverbal communication.

TOURETTE’S DISORDER

Involuntary motor movements, such as physical twitches or vocalizations.

AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER

A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant impairment in social interactions and communication and restricted patterns of behavior, interest, and activity.

CHILDHOOD DISINTEGRATIVE DISORDER

Severe regression in language, adaptive behavior, and motor skills after a 2-4 year period of normal development.

FRAGILE X SYNDROME

A pattern of abnormality caused by a defect in the X chromosome resulting in intellectual disability, learning problems, and unusual physical characteristics.

RETT DISORDER

Progressive neurodevelopmental disorder featuring constant hand-wringing, intellectual disability, and impaired motor skills; affects mostly females.

PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED

Wide ranging, significant, and long lasting dysfunctions that appear before the age of 18.

JOINT ATTENTION

Attention shared by two persons toward an object after one person has indicated interest in the object to the other person.

PROSODY

Vocal characteristics such as tone and stress.

INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY

A disorder evident in childhood as significantly below-average intellectual and adaptive functioning; limitations in the ability to function in areas of daily life.

PHENYLKETONURIA

A recessive disorder involving the inability to break down a food chemical whose buildup causes intellectual disability.

LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME

X-linked disorder characterized by intellectual disability, signs of cerebral palsy and self-injurious behavior.

DOWN SYNDROME

Type of intellectual disability caused by a chromosomal aberration (chromosome 21) and involving characteristic physical appearance; also known as trisomy 21.

AMNIOCENTESIS

Procedure that involves removing and testing a sample of the fluid that surrounds the fetus in the amniotic sac.

CHORIONIC VILLUS SAMPLING

A small piece of placenta tissue is removed and tested.

CULTURAL-FAMILIAL INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY

Mild intellectual disability that may be caused largely by environmental influences.

Tourette’s Disorder

Involuntary motor movements.

Amniocentesis

A procedure used for testing fluid around the fetus.

Specific Learning Disorder

Difficulty learning academic skills.

Receptive Language

Is usually average in language disorder.

Expressive Language

Is significantly below in language disorder.

Down Syndrome

Is also known as trisomy 21.