Ch. 5

What is the Renaissance?

"Rebirth" revival of Greek and Roman culture and creativity during the 1400-1500s

What is humanism?

An intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements

What is the New World?

North and South America

What is colonization?

the action or process of settling among and establishing control over the indigenous people of an area.

What is indulgences?

paying the church to get time out of purgatory

Where did the Renaissance begin?

Florence, Italy and spread through Europe

What are the three things Classic refers too?

-The study of ancient Greece
-Rome
-Their culture

What did the Renaissance stress?

The natural and the human

What did Christian Humanism highlight?

What it means to be human which is to be created and redeemed by God.

Who invented the printing press?

Johannes Gutenberg

Who improved Greek and Latin Translations?

Erasmus Rotterdam

What are three artists from this period?

-Michelangelo
-Raphael
-Leonardo da Vinci

What did Christian Humanism combine?

The revived interest in humanity with the Christian faith.

What three things began with Exploration?

-Colonization
-Trade
-Commerce

What did missionaries do in the New World?

They evangelized to the Natives.

What did Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam do?

-Had a monastic life until he pursued scholarly efforts
-Wrote critiques of corrupt leaders
-Criticized the superstitious mindsets.
-Encouraged Catholics to keep Christ about all devotion to Saints
-Friend with St. Thomas More

What happened to St. Thomas More?

-Because he did not agree with King Henry's wish to divorce and marry another he was beheaded
-His last words were "I die the king's true servant, but God's first"

Who was the Medici Family?

-a wealthy banking family who supported many artists
-Fertile enough to have heirs in their bloodline
-Funded the Renaissance, providing the Church with religious art, music, and architecture.

Who was Johann Tetzel?

Priest who was famous for collecting indulgence money.

How long did the art of the Renaissance last?

Only 30 years

Who was Giotto?

-"Gotta be" The Father of European Painting
-Credited with 28 Frescoes or mural paintings of scenes in the life of St. Francis

Who was Fra Angelico?

Framed the fresco The Annunciation in the Convent of San Marco in Florence.

Who is Bramatae?

-First of the twelve architects involved in working on St. Peter's Basilica
-Names Chief Architect
-Bramate=Brave Man=Chief

Who was Michelangelo?

-Painted the Sistine Chapel Celiling
-Sculpted the Pieta
-Called him the divine one because he was so famous
-Famous = Divine One

Who is Raphael?

-Known for painting Angels and the Madonna
-One of the greatest
-Known for features
-Names after an angel = painted angels

Who is St. Phillip Neri?

-Began the Congregation of the Oratory
- Nearly "Apostle of Rome"

Who is Paelstrina?

-Great composer and reformer of liturgical music
-Ballerina music rhymes with his name

Who is Baronius?

-Known as the "Father of Church History"

Who is Bernini?

-Developed Baroque style of sculpture

Who were the missionaries who mostly traveled?

Francians, Jesuits, and Dominicans.

What is a conquistador?

Spanish conqueror

What is accommodation?

adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information

What were the target places to explore?

Americas, Africa, and Asia

Where did Portuguese go?

To Brazil

Where did the Spaniards go?

Mostly to the new world

What did Pope Gregory 15 create?

the congregation for the propagation of the faith

Why was the congregation for the propagation created by the vatican?

To oversee missionary work

How sent the Portuguese missionaries to Brazil?

Pope Alexander VI and send the Spanish to the rest of the New World.

What did the conquistadors do to gain control of the area?

They killed or enslaved the natives. A lot of violence.

What did the missionaries do opposed to the conquistadors?

-They evangelized
-Baptized
-Helped them stand up against the bad people

What was the difference between the Spanish and French missionaries?

-Spanish were about quantity of converts
-French were about quality of converts

Who is Bartolome De Las Casas?

-From Spain
-Came with Columbus
-Owned slaves
-Converted and became a Dominican Priest
-Spent his life defending the Natives

What was the goal of some of the Spanish conquerors?

-Thirst for gold
-Thought Natives were below them

Where did the funding for the voyages come from?

It was private and not from the State

What were the 3 G's?

Goals for Exploration:
-Gold
-Glory
-God

What were the 3 D's?

Why Many Natives Died:
-Disease
-Direct Killing
-Disruption of their way
(Ex: killing buffalos)

Franciscan Missions

-Established in Mexico and the Southwestern United States
-Set up European organizational structures
-Expected the native people to adapt to European language and culture
-Quantity

Jesuit Missions

-Established in the Northeast, Great Lakes, and Mississippi River Regions
-Adapted to the culture and language of the Huron or native people
-Were less successful
-Quality

Ricci's Practices

Jesuit methods copied by later missionaries.

Chinese Baptisms

150,000 baptized by 1650; 500,000 by 1900.

Emperor's Edict 1692

Allowed toleration of Christianity in China.

Chinese Language Mass

Banned despite prior endorsement by the Congregation.

Western Customs Adoption

Native Chinese encouraged to adopt Western traditions.

Persecution of Catholics in China

Many executed for faith; missionaries expelled.

CCPA

Controls liturgical services in state-approved churches.

Underground Church in China

8 million worship secretly, loyal to the Pope.

Cardinal Kung of Shanghai

Died in 2000 after 30 years in prison due to defying China's claim to being an authority of the Catholic Church

Persecution

Fear experienced by underground Church members.

Where is St. Peter's Catholic Church?

Shang High

St. Peter Claver

-Administer to the slaves as brought in
-Spanish by birth but lives mostly in Colombia
-Dedicated himself to caring for the slaves

St. Martin de Porres

-Known for giving away the little money his family had and taking care of the sick in his own bed
-Spoke to animals
-"Patron of Peru"

St. Rose of Lima

-Life dedicated to fasting a prayer
-Known for her looks but never married
-Patroness of Peru
-Converted many

St. Francis Xavier

Portuguese Jesuit who, by 1550, baptized thousands of souls in India, Indonesia and Japan - in areas of Portuguese influence. Followed da Gama & Albuquerque.

Matteo Ricci

Portuguese Jesuit missionary who went to China, assimilated into Chinese culture and language and ran a Christian mission in China.

Robert De Nobili

Jesuit missionary to India who dressed in the robes of Brahmin priests and used Indian language and customs to convert Hindus

California and St. Junipero Serra

"Apostle of Californa"