Untitled Flashcards Set

What is diffusion as demonstrated with potassium manganate (VII) and water?

The purple color of potassium manganate (VII) spreads out in water over time.

How does ammonia and hydrogen chloride demonstrate diffusion?

When mixed in a glass tube, ammonia diffuses faster than hydrogen chloride, forming a white ring nearest to HCl.

What layer is created when bromine gas diffuses through air?

The brown bromine gas slowly diffuses through air, demonstrating diffusion.

What process is used to create a saturated solution of ammonium chloride?

Excess ammonium chloride is added to water until it sinks, indicating saturation.

How are solids separated from liquids using filtration?

Filter paper is placed in a funnel to separate insoluble solids from liquids.

What method is used to purify a solution through crystallization?

Gently heating a solution in an evaporating dish allows water to evaporate and crystals to form.

What is the principle behind chromatography?

Different dyes move up at different rates due to varying affinities for the stationary phase and solvent.

How is the Rf value calculated in chromatography?

Rf = distance travelled by solute / distance travelled by solvent.

What is the purpose of simple distillation?

To separate solutions based on the differing boiling points of liquids.

What distinguishes fractional distillation from simple distillation?

Fractional distillation separates mixtures of liquids based on their different boiling points.

How can oxygen levels in the atmosphere be measured using iron?

Iron oxidizes in the presence of oxygen, causing water to rise in an inverted cylinder.

What happens when magnesium burns in the presence of oxygen?

It burns with a bright white flame to form magnesium oxide, which is slightly acidic in water.

What is a key product of the thermal decomposition of metal carbonates?

Carbon dioxide and metal oxide are produced when heating metal carbonates.

What indicates the presence of carbonates in a solution?

The production of carbon dioxide upon adding dilute hydrochloric acid.

What color burnout does lithium produce in a flame test?

Red color.

What method can be used to test for the presence of sulfate ions?

Adding dilute HCl followed by barium chloride produces a white precipitate of barium sulfate.

What does damp blue litmus paper turning white indicate?

The presence of chlorine gas.

What indicates that hydrogen gas is present in a test?

A squeaky pop when brought near a lighted splint.

How do we test for water using copper sulfate?

Wet copper sulfate is blue, and upon heating, it turns white when water is removed.

At what temperatures does pure water boil and freeze?

Pure water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius and boils at 100 degrees Celsius.