Positioning Toes Foot Ankle Lower Leg

For an AP or AP axial projection of the toes, the knee should be flexed with the sole of the foot on the IR, and the toes should be centered to the __.

IR

An AP axial projection of the toes is recommended to open the __ and reduce foreshortening.

joint spaces

For an AP axial projection of the toes, the central ray is angled 15 degrees __.

posteriorly

The structures shown in an AP or AP axial toes projection include the 14 phalanges, distal portions of the metatarsals, and __ joints (on axial projections).

IP

For an AP Oblique Toes Medial Rotation projection, the lower leg and foot are rotated medially to place the plantar surface of the foot at a to -degree angle from the plane of the IR.

30; 45

The central ray for an AP Oblique Toes Medial Rotation projection is perpendicular to the __ MTP joint.

third

Evaluation criteria for an AP Oblique Toes Medial Rotation projection includes proper rotation, demonstrating more soft tissue width and more midshaft concavity on the __ side.

elevated

When positioning for a Lateral Great Toe (mediolateral), tape the unaffected toes to prevent __.

superimposition

For a Lateral projection of the 3rd, 4th, or 5th toes, the patient should be lying on the __ side.

affected

The central ray for a Lateral projection of the great toe is perpendicular to the __ joint.

interphalangeal (IP)

Essential projections for the foot include AP or AP axial, AP oblique, Lateral (mediolateral), AP axial weight bearing, and __ weight bearing.

Lateral

For an AP or AP Axial Foot projection, the IR is centered to the base of the __ metatarsal.

3rd

The AP axial projection of the foot demonstrates the __ joint spaces better and reduces foreshortening.

tarsometatarsal

For an AP axial foot, the central ray is angled __ degrees toward the heel.

10

Evaluation criteria for an AP or AP Axial Foot include no rotation, indicated by an equal amount of space between the to metatarsals.

2nd; 5th

The medial oblique is preferred over the lateral oblique for the foot because the plane through the metatarsals is more parallel to the IR, and it opens better the __ side joints of the midfoot and hindfoot.

lateral

For an AP Oblique Foot Medial Rotation, the central ray is perpendicular to the base of the __ metatarsal.

third

The structures shown on an AP Oblique Foot Medial Rotation include visualization of the __ in profile.

cuboid

Evaluation criteria for an AP Oblique Foot Medial Rotation includes proper rotation, with the to metatarsals free of superimposition.

3rd; 5th

For a Lateral Foot projection, the plantar surface of the foot is positioned __ to the IR.

perpendicular

The central ray for a Lateral Foot projection is perpendicular to the base of the __ metatarsal.

third

For an AP Axial Feet Weight-bearing method, the SID used is __ inches to reduce magnification and improve spatial resolution.

48

An AP Axial Feet Weight-bearing method allows accurate evaluation and comparison of the __ and metatarsals.

tarsals

For a Lateral Feet Weight-bearing method, the central ray is perpendicular to a point just above the base of the __ metatarsal.

3rd

A Lateral Feet Weight-bearing method shows the structural status of the __ arch.

longitudinal

Essential Projections for the Calcaneus include Axial (plantodorsal), Axial (dorsoplantar), and __ (mediolateral).

Lateral

For an Axial (Plantodorsal) Calcaneus, the central ray is angled __ degrees cephalic.

40

The central ray for an Axial (Plantodorsal) Calcaneus enters the plantar surface at the base of the __ metatarsal.

third

Structures shown in an Axial (Plantodorsal) Calcaneus include the axial projection of the calcaneus, the talocalcaneal joint, and the __ in profile.

sustentaculum tali

For a Lateral Calcaneus, the central ray is centered 1 inch (2.5 cm) distal to the medial malleolus at the __ joint.

subtalar

Evaluation criteria for a Lateral Calcaneus includes no rotation of the calcaneus, indicated by the __ in profile and the sinus tarsi open.

tuberosity

Essential Projections for the Ankle include AP, Lateral (mediolateral), AP oblique (45 degree rotation, Mortise joint), AP (stress), and __ weight bearing.

AP

For an AP Ankle projection, the central ray is perpendicular through the ankle joint midway between the __.

malleoli

In an AP Ankle projection, the inferior tibiofibular articulation and the talofibular articulation are __ open.

not

Evaluation criteria for an AP Ankle includes no rotation of the ankle, with the anterior tubercle slightly superimposed over the __.

fibula

For a Lateral Ankle Mediolateral projection, the central ray enters the __ malleolus.

medial

A Lateral Ankle Mediolateral projection shows the lower third of the tibia and fibula, the ankle joint, tarsals, and the base of the __ metatarsal.

fifth

A __ fracture is an avulsion fracture of the base of the fifth metatarsal.

Jones

For an AP Oblique Ankle Medial rotation, the leg and foot are rotated medially __ degrees.

45

Evaluation criteria for an AP Oblique Ankle Medial rotation includes proper 45-degree rotation, with the __ articulation open.

tibiofibular

For an AP Oblique Mortise Joint Medial rotation, the leg and foot are rotated medially to degrees to place the intermalleolar plane parallel with the IR.

15; 20

An AP Oblique Mortise Joint projection visualizes the entire ankle __ joint in profile.

mortise

Evaluation criteria for an AP Oblique Mortise Joint includes proper 15 to 20 degree rotation, with the __ articulation open.

talofibular

The AP Ankle Weight-bearing method is used to identify ankle joint space __.

narrowing

In an AP Ankle Weight-bearing method, the medial mortise should appear __.

open

The tibia is the __ largest bone in the body and is located on the medial side.

second

The fibula is located on the lateral side and slightly posterior, and it does not bear any __.

weight

The superior surfaces of the tibial condyles form articular facets, also known as tibial __.

plateaus

The sharp projection between the articular facets of the proximal tibia is called the __ eminence.

intercondylar

The proximal tibiofibular joint is a synovial, __ type of joint.

gliding

The tibial tuberosity is located on the anterior surface of the tibia, inferior to the condyles, and serves as a point of attachment for __.

muscles

The medial malleolus is located at the distal end of the tibia and forms part of the ankle __.

mortise

The distal tibiofibular joint is classified as an __ (slightly movable) joint.

amphiarthrotic

The fibula's proximal end, the head, articulates with the lateral __ of the tibia.

condyle

The distal end of the fibula, called the lateral malleolus, projects __ than the medial malleolus.

lower

The knee joint is formed by the femoral condyles and tibial plateaus and is the __ joint in the body.

largest

The knee joint is also known as the __ joint.

femorotibial

The knee joint is supported by ligaments, including the ACL, PCL, TCL, and __.

FCL

The knee joint is stabilized and cushioned by the lateral and medial __ which lie on the tibial plateaus.

menisci

The patella is the largest, most constant __ bone in the body.

sesamoid

The patella develops in the tendons of the __ femoris muscle between 3 and 5 years of age.

quadriceps

The femur is the largest, strongest, and __ bone in the body.

heaviest

The body of the femur slants medially to degrees.

5; 15

The rounded proximal end of the femur, called the head, articulates with the __ of the pelvis to form the hip joint.

acetabulum

The greater trochanter is a large, prominent, palpable process at the proximal end of the femur on the __ side.

lateral

The two large eminences at the broadened distal end of the femur are the medial condyle and the __ condyle.

lateral

The posterior separation between the femoral condyles is called the __ fossa.

intercondylar

During patient preparation for lower extremity procedures, __ should be removed if within the anatomy of interest.

undergarments

For ambulatory patients, the affected extremity rests on the IR placed on the __.

tabletop

When imaging long bones, it sometimes requires __ images to demonstrate the entire bone with adjacent joints.

two

The standard SID for lower extremity radiographic procedures is typically __ inches.

40

It is important to avoid using digital annotation to place __ markers on images.

side

For lower extremity procedures, breathing instructions are __ required.

not

Essential Projections for the Leg include AP and __ (Mediolateral).

Lateral

For an AP Leg projection, the IR must extend to inches beyond the joints.

1; 1.5

Evaluation criteria for an AP Leg includes the fibula midshaft being __ of superimposition.

free

For a Lateral Leg Mediolateral projection, the __ is positioned perpendicular to the IR.

patella

An alternative method for a Lateral Leg projection is to perform a __ using a horizontal CR if the patient cannot be turned from the supine position.

cross-table

Evaluation criteria for a Lateral Leg includes the distal fibula being superimposed by the __ half of the tibia.

posterior