BSCI Exam 2

True or False: The trade in stimulating beverages, spices - changed history of many nations

True

What is the rationale for taking stimulating beverages?

Flavor or feeling or alertness

True or False: Human need for water is greater than the need for food?

True

What are some stimulating beverages?

Coffee, tea, cocoa, and cola

True or false: coffee, tea, cocoa, and cola are all rich in caffeine?

True

What is the active ingredient in the most popular stimulating beverages?

Caffeine

What is caffeine chemically related to which bases in DNA?

Purine bases like guanine

True or false: Caffeine is an alkaloid

A group of secondary compounds found in plants made to discourage grazing

What are the desirable effects of caffeine?

It promotes alertness, mental cognition, reaction speed and endurance, improves physical performance, relieves pain, migraines, reduces asthma, elevates mood.

What are some biological effects of caffeine?

stimulates the central nervous system, faster heartbeat, constriction of blood vessels, increased respiration rate, surpression of apetite, diuresis

What is caffeine’s role in Parkinson’s disease?

Studies show that coffee may play a role in PD - coffee drinkers have lower incidence of PD

What are some undesirable effects of caffeine?

headaches on withdrawal, infertility, birth defects, insomnia, nervousness, irritability

What are some caffeine containing drinks?

Coffee, tea, cocoa, and cola

What is the caffeine content of drip coffee?

115mg

What is the caffeine content of tea?

40mg

What is the caffeine content of cocoa?

13mg

What is the caffeine content of coca-cola?

46mg

What is the caffeine content of Mountain Dew?

54mg

What is the caffeine content of Vivarin?

200mg

What is the caffeine content Midol?

600mg

What is the caffeine content of Red Bull?

120 mg

What is the scientific name of the coffee plant?

Coffea Arabica

Where is coffee native to?

Ethiopia

How was coffee used historically in its place of origin Ethiopia?

The fruit and leaves of the Coffea arabica was eaten for stimulation

What is coffee made from?

The seeds of Coffea Arabica

True or false: Coffee was grown in Yemen and was domesticated there?

True

When did the roasting of coffee beans begin?

13th century

When did coffee brewing spread to the Arabian world and then Europe?

16th century and 17th century

Why were coffee houses popular in Europe in the 1700s?

They were centers for intellectual discourse

True or false: Coffee (and tea) powered the Industrial revolution?

True

When was Mocha, Arabia a center of the coffee trade?

17th century

When were Dutch East Indies and Ceylon a center of the coffee trade?

18th century

When were the French Islands a center of the coffee trade?

18th century

When was Brazil a center of the coffee trade?

18th century

True or False: Brazil being a center of coffee trade in the 1800s had a profound impact?

True

What two countries are the leading producers of coffee?

Brazil and Colombia

What countries are major producers of coffee?

Brazil, Colombia, Indonesia, and Vietnam

True or false: Today, coffee is second to oil as the world’s most traded commodity and prices are set by the ICO?

True

Describe the coffee plant?

The plant is a small tree and it grows in cool subtropical mountain habitats

What is the small fruit of the coffee plant called?

A cherry

What does a cherry on a coffee plant contain?

Two seeds called beans

When is the fruit of the coffee plant harvested?

When the beans are ripe

What are the benefits of shade-grown coffee?

It benefits songbirds by providing food and shelter which is environmentally friendlier than sun grown coffee

How is coffee processed?

The hull is removed, the seeds are fermented for 12-24 hours (but they’re non-alcoholic), then the seeds are dried for 1 week and then finally roasted which produces the flavor and the dark brown color

nTrue or False: Coffee may be decaffeinated before roasting?

True

Who created decaf coffee and why?

German chemist Ludwig Roselius created the decaf coffee because he was convinced his father had died of a caffeine addiction

How do you decaffeinate coffee?

The green coffee beans are soaked in a solvent known as ethyl acetate which removes the caffeine

How much caffeine is in Drip Coffee (12 oz.)?

115mg

How much caffeine is in Black Tea (8 ounce cup)?

47mg

How much caffeine is in Hershey’s chocolate bar?

25mg

How much caffeine is in Coca-cola (20 ounce)?

57mg

How much caffeine is in Red Bull (12 ounce)?

120mg

How much caffeine is in Mountain Dew Big Gulp?

294mg

How much caffeine is in Excedrin pain reliever?

130mg

How much caffeine is in Vivarin?

200mg

How much caffeine is in Midol?

60mg

True or False: Caffeine is addictive?

True

Explain espresso?

Originated in Italy, a single cup of coffee is brewed at a time as hot water under pressure is forced through finely ground, dark roasted beans

Explain latte?

Is like espresso but with steamed milk

Explain cafe mocha?

A latte with less steamed milk but with chocolate syrup added

Explain cappuccino?

Also made with espresso, less steamed milk than latte, and large cap of foamed milk

How is Kopi Luwak coffee obtained?

coffee beans plucked from civets' feces

What is the scientific name for tea?

Camellia Sinensis

True or false: Tea is made from the dried tip leaves of the species Camellia sinensis?

True

Explain what Camellia sinensis looks like?

A small tree or shrub

Where is Camellia Sinensis native to?

Tibet, India, China, Myanmar (formerly known as Burma)

What is herbal teas made of?

Infusions made from plants other than Camellia sinensis

Where do camellia sinensis plants flourish?

Tropical or subtropical climates with abundant rainfall and no danger of frost

What is the importance of tea?

More people drink tea than any other stimulating beverage in the world

True or false: international trade of tea is less than for coffee?

True

Where and when did tea originate?

It originaed in China in about 2700BC under Emperor Sheng Nung

True or false: The word China comes from chai, the Russian word for tea

True

True or false: Tea was introduced in Japan?

True

True or false: Portuguese and Dutch introduced tea to Europe in the late 1600’s after coffee and it was big in the UK?

True

at used tea?What is a large event in American history

The Boston Tea Party in 1773 to protest a tea tax

True or false: Tea is small tree which is pruned to be a bush?

True

Which countries are the top producers of tea?

China, India, Kenya, and Sri Lanka

True or false: The top two youngest leaves and stem tips are harvested by hand or machine

True

How is black tea created?

Leaves are withered, rolled, fermented (non-alcoholic) and dried

How is green tea processed?

The leaves are steamed, rolled to break cells to release aroma, dried (green tea is not fermented)

How is oolong tea processed?

The leaves are semi-fermented so the leaves are greenish brown

True or false: White tea is the least processed tea?

True

True or false: The aroma and flavor of tea comes from essential oils?

True

Where does the additional taste for tea come from? What taste did this give?

Tannins, it gives a dark color and a bitter taste

Where does the stimulating effect for tea come from?

Caffeine and theophylline

True or false: Black tea has the most caffeine (up to 70 mg per cup)?

True

True or false: Oolong has an intermediate levels of caffeine (33mg)?

True

True or false: Green tea has the least caffeine (15-25mg)?

True

True or false: White tea has low levels of caffeine?

True

True or False: Caffeine levels also depend on the length of brewing?

True

What is the order of most to least caffeine in different types of tea?

Black, Oolong, Green, White

True or false:Green tea contains more catechins than black tea?

True

What are catechins?

Strong antioxidants, may also be anti carcinogens, and may be anti-inflammatory compounds

What are 3 components in green tea that may act in human health?

Xanthic bases, Essential oils, Polyphenols

How do xanthic bases affect human health?

Caffeine acts on the central nervous system, stimulates, and relieves fatigue.

Theophylline relaxes bronchial muscles, respiratory stimulation

How do essential oils affect human health?

Facilitate digestion

How do polyphenols affect human health?

It has strong antioxidant properties

True or false: Studies show that people who drink large amounts of green tea have lower rates of cancer?

TrueA

True or False: Animal studies show that green tea reduces breast and prostate cancers?

True

True or false: Polyphenols in green tea interfere with an enzyme needed for cancer growth?

True