Studied by 1 person
What is an ion?
A charged particle, due to the loss or gain of electrons.
an alkali is a type of ____
base
an alkali is a base that ____
is soluble in water
Metal oxides, metal hydroxides and ammonia are types of ____
bases
what is soluble and what isn’t?
NAGSAG PS Lead BaCa , Carbonates (not SPA) Hydroxides not (SPCA)
whats considered alkaline on the pH scale? 0 - 14
14
what is reduction?
gain of electrons OR loss of oxygen
what is a reducing agent?
a substance that takes oxygen / gives electrons by being oxidised
whats considered neutral on the pH scale? 0 - 14
7
what is redox?
the simultaneous reduction and oxidation that occurs during some chemical reactions
what is an oxidising agent?
a substance that gives oxygen / removes electrons by being reduced itself
what is oxidation?
loss of electrons OR gain of oxygen
what is galvanizing?
adding zinc as a sacrificial layer → zinc oxide protects the iron
what is the barrier method for rust?
puting something in the way (paint)
what two things does iron need to rust?
water and oxygen
a metal will displace a metal from it’s oxide if it’s ____
Lower in the series
A metal will also displace a metal from it’s salt if it’s ____
Lower in the reactivity series
Reacting masses shows the ____ yield
Theoretical
solubility
the maximum mass of a solute that dissolves in 100g of solvent (depends on temperature)
Cation
a positively charged ion
Anion
a negatively charged ion
Ionic bond
a strong electrostatic force of attractive between oppositely charged ions. It exists between a metal and a non-metal
Covalent Bonds
A shaired pair of electrons that exists between two non-metal atoms
titration
a practical method that allows you to determine the exact point of neutralization. It allows you to calculate the unknown concentration of a substance when the other concentration is known.
ionic compounds conduct only when:
molten / aqueous
ionic bonding forces of attraction
a strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged electrons
covalent bond forces of attraction
strong attraction between a pair of shared electrons their nucleuses
how is covalent bond formed?
atoms sharing a pair of electrons
forces of attraction and structure of giant covalent bonds?
singular giant structure // held together by strong covalent bonds
allotrope
same element but different structure
Metallic bonding is:
the strong electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and a sea of delocalised electrons
what is the atomic number?
number of protons in an atom
what is the mass number?
the number of protons and neutrons in an atom
what are isotopes
atoms of the same element (same no. of protons) but with a different number of neutrons
Relative Atomic Mass
the average mass of an atom compared to 1/12th the mass of carbon-12
paper chromatography helps to find the _____
composition of a mixture
how does a chromatography expirement work?
solvent will run up the paper, taking some or all of the dyes with it
What is a yield?
How much of a product you get from a chemical reaction
Note
Flashcard