Support and Movement
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Last updated 2:14 PM on 11/7/22
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146 Terms
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Nervous system
what coordinates muscle and skeletal systems
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skeletal system
provide body with shape, support ,protection and power of movement
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exoskeleton
completely surrounding the body like protective encasement
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endoskeleton
forms a frame work inside the body
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hydrostatic skeleton
fluid skeleton which battles with gravitational pull and provides the stiffness required for the maintenance of shape and movement of animal
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cnidarians, helminthes, and annelids
hydrostatic skeleton is found in ....
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hydrostatic skeleton
no hard structures, simplest type of skeleton found in soft bodied invertebrates
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circular and longitudinal muscles
fluid filled body cavity in animals is surrounded by layers of ...and ....muscles
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elongated and stiff
contraction of circular muscles, body becomes...
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short and thick
contraction of longitudinal muscles ,body becomes ... and ...
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extension and withdrawal
hydrostatic skeleton helps animals in ...and .... of their bodies and tentacles
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hydrostatic skeleton
... helps jellyfish and octopus in jet propulsions
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exoskeleton
hard nonliving external covering that is secreted by the outer epidermal layer of the animal body itself
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cuticle
type of exoskeleton, covers the entire outer surface of animal's body and appendages
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chitin
cuticle is made up of a carbohydrate protein complex called ...
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chitin exoskeleton
most complex type of exoskeleton
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arthropods
most complex type of exoskeleton is found in....
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Moulting
The formation of new cuticle followed by ecdysis
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bone and cartilage
two types of living rigid connective tissues
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206 bones
How many bones are in the human body?
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skull,sternum,ribs, and vertebrae
axial skeleton
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pectoral, pelvic girdles and bones of arms and legs
appendicular skeleton
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axial skeleton
protective nature
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8 bones
How many bones are in the cranium?
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cranium
protects the brain
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facial bones
the rest of the bones of skull other than cranium is ....
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dentary
lower jaw bone
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vertebral column
spinal cord is protected in a hollow spine called....
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33 bones
number of bones in vertebral column
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26 bones
How many bones are in the vertebral column after fusion
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curved line
vertebrae is arranged in a ....
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cartilaginous discs
vertebrae are separated by
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rib cage
encloses the chest cavity and protects heart and lungs
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dorsal ,ventral
back, front
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semicircular bones
ribs are ....
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vertebrae, sternum
ribs attach dorsally to ...and ventrally to...
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floating ribs
last two pairs of ribs; do not attach to sternum
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pectoral girdle
clavicle and scapula
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30 bones
How many bones are in the upper limb?
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humerus
upper arm bone
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ball and socket joint
humerus forms ....with scapula
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radius and ulna
forearm bones
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distal end of humerus
radius and ulna
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wrist
radius and ulna join at ...
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8 bones
How many carpal bones are in the wrist?
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5 bones
how many bones in the metacarpal of the palm
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14 bones
phalanges (finger bones)
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5 rows
14 phalanges are arranged in ....
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legs,vertebral column, hip region
pelvic girdle serve to attach the ...with...at...
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innominate bone
The hip bone or pelvic girdle, formed by the fusion of the ilium, ischium, and pubic bones.
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origin
attachment to the stationary part is called....
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insertion
attachment to the movable part is called
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smooth muscles
simplest muscles
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non striated
smooth muscle are ...
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long spindle shaped unnucleated cells arranged in sheets
smooth muscles consists of....
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involuntary
smooth muscles are what type of muscles
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cardiac muscles
muscles found only in the walls of your heart
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cardiac muscles
involuntary and striated muscles
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unnucleated or binucleated and branched to create a Meshwork of contractile tissue
cardiac muscles are ,,,,
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rhythmic pattern
cardiac muscles contract and relax continuously in a ....
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heartbeat
the ability to pump blood effectively throughout the body
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sino atrial node
pacemaker of the heart
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modify the rate of pace maker
autonomic nervous system only...
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muscle fibers
skeletal muscles is actually a bundle of long and parallel closely packed thread like multinucleated cells called,,,
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Sacrolemma
plasma membrane of a muscle fiber
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myofibrils
each muscle fiber consists of ....
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Myofibrils
individual, ultramicroscopic, contractile....
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sacromeres
myofibrils are made up of ...
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sacromeres
actual units of a striated muscle tissue that contract
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Z lines
adjacent sacromeres are separated by dark....
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dark and light zones
between Z lines are ...and ....zones which make up a sacromere
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microfilaments
myofibrils is composed of smaller parts ....
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myosin
thick filaments are made up of protein ....
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6 thin fliaments
each myosin is surrounded by ....
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actin, tropomyosin, troponin
What are the three protein molecules that make up the thin filaments?
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overlapping
dark and light bands of the fibres result from a regular,.... pattern of these thin and thick filaments
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I bands
each sacromere has a pair of lightly staining .... located at its outer edges
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outer edges
I bands are at the ....
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A bands
between I bands there's.... which are darker
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H zone
... is located in the centre of A band
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thin filaments
I band contains only...
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thick filaments
h zone has only....
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overlapping thin and thick filaments
A band has ....
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cross bridges, actin
thick filaments have ....which are attached to the ....filaments
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shorter and thicker
whenever muscle contracts it becomes .... and ....
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Huxley
hypothesis about contraction of muscle
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sacromeres shorten, width
whenever a muscle contracts the .... and the ... of dark and light bands change
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sliding filament theory
thin filaments of a muscle fibres move together by sliding over thick filament
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sliding over the filaments
reason why muscles shorten and thicken
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bulbous heads
... project from the ends of myosin filament
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cross bridges
bulbous heads act like ...to hook into special sites on actin filaments
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thin filaments, towards the centre of sacromere
whenever a nerve impulse is received the myosin cross bridges hook into ... and pull them ....
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posterior
the bridges break immediately and reform at other...places on actin
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contract themselves
filaments do not .....but slide over each other to shorten the muscle fiber
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35%
a fully contracted sacromere can shorten by .... of its total length
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50-100 times
each cross bridge repeats its bending movement.... times within a fraction of second
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ilium, ischium, pubis
pelvic bones is formed by the fusion of....
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Femur
thigh bone, longest bone in the body
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tibia and fibula
lower leg bones
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patella
kneecap
Note 
Flashcards (44)