Civil Rights and Vietnam War Flashcards

Flashcards for reviewing key vocabulary from Civil Rights and Vietnam War lecture notes.

Thurgood Marshall

Lawyer who argued Brown v. Board of Education

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

Supreme Court case declaring segregation in schools unconstitutional

Rosa Parks

Woman whose arrest sparked the Montgomery bus boycott

Martin Luther King Jr.

Leader of the civil rights movement, advocate of nonviolent resistance

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

Organization formed to advance civil rights through nonviolent means

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

Student-led civil rights organization that used nonviolent direct action

sit-in

Form of protest where participants sit and refuse to leave

Thurgood Marshall

Argued Brown’s case

Brown ruling

Declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional

Rosa Parks

Refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man

Length of Montgomery bus boycott

Over a year

Name given to the first African American students to attend Little Rock's Central High

The Little Rock Nine

President Eisenhower's response to Little Rock crisis

Sent federal troops to Little Rock to enforce desegregation

SCLC's purpose

To advance civil rights through nonviolent means

SNCC's accomplishment

Used nonviolent direct action to challenge segregation

Freedom Riders

Civil rights activists who rode buses into the South to challenge segregation

James Meredith

First African American student to integrate the University of Mississippi

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Landmark legislation outlawing discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin

Freedom Summer

Voter registration drive in Mississippi

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Legislation outlawing discriminatory voting practices

Goal of the Freedom Riders

To challenge segregation on interstate buses and terminals

Violence against Freedom Riders in Alabama

Bombings, beatings by angry mobs

Goal of the March on Washington

To pressure Congress to pass a civil rights bill

Attendees of the March on Washington

Civil rights activists, labor leaders, and ordinary citizens

Role of violence shown on television

Generated public support for civil rights legislation

de facto segregation

Segregation by custom or practice

de jure segregation

Segregation by law

Teachings of Elijah Muhammad

Promoted Black separatism and self-sufficiency

Malcolm X's early views

Advocated Black separatism, later shifted toward integration

Stokely Carmichael's concept

Black Power: a call for African Americans to define their own goals and lead their own organizations

Ideas of the Black Panthers

Black nationalism, self-sufficiency, and armed self-defense

Legislation prohibiting discrimination in housing

Civil Rights Act of 1968

Affirmative action

Policies designed to redress past and present discrimination

Ho Chi Minh

Vietnamese nationalist leader

Geneva Accords

Divided Vietnam at the 17th parallel

Ho Chi Minh Trail

Supply route used by the North Vietnamese

Vietminh

Organization whose goal was to win Vietnam's independence from foreign rule

Ngo Dinh Diem

South Vietnam's president, supported by the US

Tonkin Gulf Resolution

Gave the president broad military powers in Vietnam