Memory and Cognition Concepts

These flashcards cover key concepts related to memory, cognition, and categorization based on the lecture notes.

Hyperthymesia

Extremely detailed autobiographical memory where individuals can recall specific life events with high accuracy.

Normal Memory

Memory is reconstructive, prone to errors, and influenced by schemas and expectations.

El Al Cargo Plane Crash Study

Study showing how schemas influence memory and create false recollections.

Schemas

Mental frameworks that organize knowledge and influence perception and memory.

Misinformation Effect

False information introduced after an event becomes integrated into memory.

Retrieval Paths

Connections between memories that help recall but can also cause confusion and errors.

Intrusion Errors

Errors that occur when unrelated or incorrect information is inserted into memory.

DRM Procedure

Participants study related word lists and falsely recall a related word not presented.

Bartlett Study

Participants remembered the gist of a story but altered details to fit cultural expectations.

Confidence vs Accuracy

Confidence in memory does not equal accuracy.

Forgetting Curve

Demonstrates rapid forgetting initially, then slows over time.

Self-Reference Effect

Memory improves when information relates to oneself.

Consolidation

Stabilization of memory, often occurring during sleep.

Flashbulb Memories

Vivid emotional memories that feel accurate but are often distorted.

Prototype Theory

Categories are based on an average or ideal example.

Exemplar Theory

Categorization based on specific remembered examples.

Spreading Activation

Activation of one concept spreads to related concepts.

Natural Kinds

Categories that exist in nature with stable properties.

Production Task

Listing category members; typical items are listed first.

Family Resemblance

Category membership based on overlapping features rather than strict definitions.